authz: add QAuthZPAM object type for authorizing using PAM

Add an authorization backend that talks to PAM to check whether the user
identity is allowed. This only uses the PAM account validation facility,
which is essentially just a check to see if the provided username is permitted
access. It doesn't use the authentication or session parts of PAM, since
that's dealt with by the relevant part of QEMU (eg VNC server).

Consider starting QEMU with a VNC server and telling it to use TLS with
x509 client certificates and configuring it to use an PAM to validate
the x509 distinguished name. In this example we're telling it to use PAM
for the QAuthZ impl with a service name of "qemu-vnc"

 $ qemu-system-x86_64 \
     -object tls-creds-x509,id=tls0,dir=/home/berrange/security/qemutls,\
             endpoint=server,verify-peer=yes \
     -object authz-pam,id=authz0,service=qemu-vnc \
     -vnc :1,tls-creds=tls0,tls-authz=authz0

This requires an /etc/pam/qemu-vnc file to be created with the auth
rules. A very simple file based whitelist can be setup using

  $ cat > /etc/pam/qemu-vnc <<EOF
  account         requisite       pam_listfile.so item=user sense=allow file=/etc/qemu/vnc.allow
  EOF

The /etc/qemu/vnc.allow file simply contains one username per line. Any
username not in the file is denied. The usernames in this example are
the x509 distinguished name from the client's x509 cert.

  $ cat > /etc/qemu/vnc.allow <<EOF
  CN=laptop.berrange.com,O=Berrange Home,L=London,ST=London,C=GB
  EOF

More interesting would be to configure PAM to use an LDAP backend, so
that the QEMU authorization check data can be centralized instead of
requiring each compute host to have file maintained.

The main limitation with this PAM module is that the rules apply to all
QEMU instances on the host. Setting up different rules per VM, would
require creating a separate PAM service name & config file for every
guest. An alternative approach for the future might be to not pass in
the plain username to PAM, but instead combine the VM name or UUID with
the username. This requires further consideration though.

Tested-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>

3 files changed, 154 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/authz/Makefile.objs b/authz/Makefile.objs
index 8351bf181d..ed7b273596 100644
--- a/authz/Makefile.objs
+++ b/authz/Makefile.objs
@@ -2,3 +2,6 @@ authz-obj-y += base.o
 authz-obj-y += simple.o
 authz-obj-y += list.o
 authz-obj-y += listfile.o
+authz-obj-$(CONFIG_AUTH_PAM) += pamacct.o
+
+pamacct.o-libs = -lpam
diff --git a/authz/pamacct.c b/authz/pamacct.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5038358cdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/authz/pamacct.c
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU PAM authorization driver
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2018 Red Hat, Inc.
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "authz/pamacct.h"
+#include "authz/trace.h"
+#include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
+
+#include <security/pam_appl.h>
+
+
+static bool qauthz_pam_is_allowed(QAuthZ *authz,
+                                  const char *identity,
+                                  Error **errp)
+{
+    QAuthZPAM *pauthz = QAUTHZ_PAM(authz);
+    const struct pam_conv pam_conversation = { 0 };
+    pam_handle_t *pamh = NULL;
+    int ret;
+
+    trace_qauthz_pam_check(authz, identity, pauthz->service);
+    ret = pam_start(pauthz->service,
+                    identity,
+                    &pam_conversation,
+                    &pamh);
+    if (ret != PAM_SUCCESS) {
+        error_setg(errp, "Unable to start PAM transaction: %s",
+                   pam_strerror(NULL, ret));
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    ret = pam_acct_mgmt(pamh, PAM_SILENT);
+    pam_end(pamh, ret);
+    if (ret != PAM_SUCCESS) {
+        error_setg(errp, "Unable to authorize user '%s': %s",
+                   identity, pam_strerror(pamh, ret));
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+
+static void
+qauthz_pam_prop_set_service(Object *obj,
+                            const char *service,
+                            Error **errp G_GNUC_UNUSED)
+{
+    QAuthZPAM *pauthz = QAUTHZ_PAM(obj);
+
+    g_free(pauthz->service);
+    pauthz->service = g_strdup(service);
+}
+
+
+static char *
+qauthz_pam_prop_get_service(Object *obj,
+                            Error **errp G_GNUC_UNUSED)
+{
+    QAuthZPAM *pauthz = QAUTHZ_PAM(obj);
+
+    return g_strdup(pauthz->service);
+}
+
+
+static void
+qauthz_pam_complete(UserCreatable *uc, Error **errp)
+{
+}
+
+
+static void
+qauthz_pam_finalize(Object *obj)
+{
+    QAuthZPAM *pauthz = QAUTHZ_PAM(obj);
+
+    g_free(pauthz->service);
+}
+
+
+static void
+qauthz_pam_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
+{
+    UserCreatableClass *ucc = USER_CREATABLE_CLASS(oc);
+    QAuthZClass *authz = QAUTHZ_CLASS(oc);
+
+    ucc->complete = qauthz_pam_complete;
+    authz->is_allowed = qauthz_pam_is_allowed;
+
+    object_class_property_add_str(oc, "service",
+                                  qauthz_pam_prop_get_service,
+                                  qauthz_pam_prop_set_service,
+                                  NULL);
+}
+
+
+QAuthZPAM *qauthz_pam_new(const char *id,
+                          const char *service,
+                          Error **errp)
+{
+    return QAUTHZ_PAM(
+        object_new_with_props(TYPE_QAUTHZ_PAM,
+                              object_get_objects_root(),
+                              id, errp,
+                              "service", service,
+                              NULL));
+}
+
+
+static const TypeInfo qauthz_pam_info = {
+    .parent = TYPE_QAUTHZ,
+    .name = TYPE_QAUTHZ_PAM,
+    .instance_size = sizeof(QAuthZPAM),
+    .instance_finalize = qauthz_pam_finalize,
+    .class_size = sizeof(QAuthZPAMClass),
+    .class_init = qauthz_pam_class_init,
+    .interfaces = (InterfaceInfo[]) {
+        { TYPE_USER_CREATABLE },
+        { }
+    }
+};
+
+
+static void
+qauthz_pam_register_types(void)
+{
+    type_register_static(&qauthz_pam_info);
+}
+
+
+type_init(qauthz_pam_register_types);
diff --git a/authz/trace-events b/authz/trace-events
index fb65349a90..72c411927d 100644
--- a/authz/trace-events
+++ b/authz/trace-events
@@ -13,3 +13,6 @@ qauthz_list_default_policy(void *authz, const char *identity, int policy) "AuthZ
 # auth/listfile.c
 qauthz_list_file_load(void *authz, const char *filename) "AuthZ file %p load filename=%s"
 qauthz_list_file_refresh(void *authz, const char *filename, int success) "AuthZ file %p load filename=%s success=%d"
+
+# auth/pam.c
+qauthz_pam_check(void *authz, const char *identity, const char *service) "AuthZ PAM %p identity=%s service=%s"