Implement proper exception type hierarchy.

Each built-in exception is now a type, with base type BaseException.
C exceptions are created by passing a pointer to the exception type to
make an instance of.  When raising an exception from the VM, an
instance is created automatically if an exception type is raised (as
opposed to an exception instance).

Exception matching (RT_BINARY_OP_EXCEPTION_MATCH) is now proper.

Handling of parse error changed to match new exceptions.

mp_const_type renamed to mp_type_type for consistency.
diff --git a/py/objfun.c b/py/objfun.c
index 56ea692..433da03 100644
--- a/py/objfun.c
+++ b/py/objfun.c
@@ -20,23 +20,23 @@
 
 STATIC void check_nargs(mp_obj_fun_native_t *self, int n_args, int n_kw) {
     if (n_kw && !self->is_kw) {
-        nlr_jump(mp_obj_new_exception_msg(MP_QSTR_TypeError,
+        nlr_jump(mp_obj_new_exception_msg(&mp_type_TypeError,
                                           "function does not take keyword arguments"));
     }
 
     if (self->n_args_min == self->n_args_max) {
         if (n_args != self->n_args_min) {
-            nlr_jump(mp_obj_new_exception_msg_varg(MP_QSTR_TypeError,
+            nlr_jump(mp_obj_new_exception_msg_varg(&mp_type_TypeError,
                                                      "function takes %d positional arguments but %d were given",
                                                      self->n_args_min, n_args));
         }
     } else {
         if (n_args < self->n_args_min) {
-            nlr_jump(mp_obj_new_exception_msg_varg(MP_QSTR_TypeError,
+            nlr_jump(mp_obj_new_exception_msg_varg(&mp_type_TypeError,
                                                     "<fun name>() missing %d required positional arguments: <list of names of params>",
                                                     self->n_args_min - n_args));
         } else if (n_args > self->n_args_max) {
-            nlr_jump(mp_obj_new_exception_msg_varg(MP_QSTR_TypeError,
+            nlr_jump(mp_obj_new_exception_msg_varg(&mp_type_TypeError,
                                                      "<fun name> expected at most %d arguments, got %d",
                                                      self->n_args_max, n_args));
         }
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@
 }
 
 const mp_obj_type_t fun_native_type = {
-    { &mp_const_type },
+    { &mp_type_type },
     .name = MP_QSTR_function,
     .call = fun_native_call,
 };
@@ -143,10 +143,10 @@
     mp_obj_fun_bc_t *self = self_in;
 
     if (n_args < self->n_args - self->n_def_args || n_args > self->n_args) {
-        nlr_jump(mp_obj_new_exception_msg_varg(MP_QSTR_TypeError, "function takes %d positional arguments but %d were given", self->n_args, n_args));
+        nlr_jump(mp_obj_new_exception_msg_varg(&mp_type_TypeError, "function takes %d positional arguments but %d were given", self->n_args, n_args));
     }
     if (n_kw != 0) {
-        nlr_jump(mp_obj_new_exception_msg(MP_QSTR_TypeError, "function does not take keyword arguments"));
+        nlr_jump(mp_obj_new_exception_msg(&mp_type_TypeError, "function does not take keyword arguments"));
     }
 
     uint use_def_args = self->n_args - n_args;
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@
 }
 
 const mp_obj_type_t fun_bc_type = {
-    { &mp_const_type },
+    { &mp_type_type },
     .name = MP_QSTR_function,
     .call = fun_bc_call,
 };
@@ -252,10 +252,10 @@
     mp_obj_fun_asm_t *self = self_in;
 
     if (n_args != self->n_args) {
-        nlr_jump(mp_obj_new_exception_msg_varg(MP_QSTR_TypeError, "function takes %d positional arguments but %d were given", self->n_args, n_args));
+        nlr_jump(mp_obj_new_exception_msg_varg(&mp_type_TypeError, "function takes %d positional arguments but %d were given", self->n_args, n_args));
     }
     if (n_kw != 0) {
-        nlr_jump(mp_obj_new_exception_msg(MP_QSTR_TypeError, "function does not take keyword arguments"));
+        nlr_jump(mp_obj_new_exception_msg(&mp_type_TypeError, "function does not take keyword arguments"));
     }
 
     machine_uint_t ret;
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@
 }
 
 STATIC const mp_obj_type_t fun_asm_type = {
-    { &mp_const_type },
+    { &mp_type_type },
     .name = MP_QSTR_function,
     .call = fun_asm_call,
 };