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2012-08-14Revert "x86-64/efi: Use EFI to deal with platform wall clock"H. Peter Anvin
This reverts commit bacef661acdb634170a8faddbc1cf28e8f8b9eee. This commit has been found to cause serious regressions on a number of ASUS machines at the least. We probably need to provide a 1:1 map in addition to the EFI virtual memory map in order for this to work. Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Reported-and-bisected-by: Jérôme Carretero <cJ-ko@zougloub.eu> Cc: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com> Cc: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com> Cc: Matthew Garrett <mjg@redhat.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120805172903.5f8bb24c@zougloub.eu
2012-07-31mm/hotplug: correctly setup fallback zonelists when creating new pgdatJiang Liu
When hotadd_new_pgdat() is called to create new pgdat for a new node, a fallback zonelist should be created for the new node. There's code to try to achieve that in hotadd_new_pgdat() as below: /* * The node we allocated has no zone fallback lists. For avoiding * to access not-initialized zonelist, build here. */ mutex_lock(&zonelists_mutex); build_all_zonelists(pgdat, NULL); mutex_unlock(&zonelists_mutex); But it doesn't work as expected. When hotadd_new_pgdat() is called, the new node is still in offline state because node_set_online(nid) hasn't been called yet. And build_all_zonelists() only builds zonelists for online nodes as: for_each_online_node(nid) { pg_data_t *pgdat = NODE_DATA(nid); build_zonelists(pgdat); build_zonelist_cache(pgdat); } Though we hope to create zonelist for the new pgdat, but it doesn't. So add a new parameter "pgdat" the build_all_zonelists() to build pgdat for the new pgdat too. Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Keping Chen <chenkeping@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-07-31memcg: rename config variablesAndrew Morton
Sanity: CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR -> CONFIG_MEMCG CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR_SWAP -> CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR_SWAP_ENABLED -> CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP_ENABLED CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR_KMEM -> CONFIG_MEMCG_KMEM [mhocko@suse.cz: fix missed bits] Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-07-31mm/hugetlb: add new HugeTLB cgroupAneesh Kumar K.V
Implement a new controller that allows us to control HugeTLB allocations. The extension allows to limit the HugeTLB usage per control group and enforces the controller limit during page fault. Since HugeTLB doesn't support page reclaim, enforcing the limit at page fault time implies that, the application will get SIGBUS signal if it tries to access HugeTLB pages beyond its limit. This requires the application to know beforehand how much HugeTLB pages it would require for its use. The charge/uncharge calls will be added to HugeTLB code in later patch. Support for cgroup removal will be added in later patches. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: s/CONFIG_CGROUP_HUGETLB_RES_CTLR/CONFIG_MEMCG_HUGETLB/g] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: s/CONFIG_MEMCG_HUGETLB/CONFIG_CGROUP_HUGETLB/g] Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-07-27Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.linaro.org/people/rmk/linux-armLinus Torvalds
Pull ARM updates from Russell King: "First ARM push of this merge window, post me coming back from holiday. This is what has been in linux-next for the last few weeks. Not much to say which isn't described by the commit summaries." * 'for-linus' of git://git.linaro.org/people/rmk/linux-arm: (32 commits) ARM: 7463/1: topology: Update cpu_power according to DT information ARM: 7462/1: topology: factorize the update of sibling masks ARM: 7461/1: topology: Add arch_scale_freq_power function ARM: 7456/1: ptrace: provide separate functions for tracing syscall {entry,exit} ARM: 7455/1: audit: move syscall auditing until after ptrace SIGTRAP handling ARM: 7454/1: entry: don't bother with syscall tracing on ret_from_fork path ARM: 7453/1: audit: only allow syscall auditing for pure EABI userspace ARM: 7452/1: delay: allow timer-based delay implementation to be selected ARM: 7451/1: arch timer: implement read_current_timer and get_cycles ARM: 7450/1: dcache: select DCACHE_WORD_ACCESS for little-endian ARMv6+ CPUs ARM: 7449/1: use generic strnlen_user and strncpy_from_user functions ARM: 7448/1: perf: remove arm_perf_pmu_ids global enumeration ARM: 7447/1: rwlocks: remove unused branch labels from trylock routines ARM: 7446/1: spinlock: use ticket algorithm for ARMv6+ locking implementation ARM: 7445/1: mm: update CONTEXTIDR register to contain PID of current process ARM: 7444/1: kernel: add arch-timer C3STOP feature ARM: 7460/1: remove asm/locks.h ARM: 7439/1: head.S: simplify initial page table mapping ARM: 7437/1: zImage: Allow DTB command line concatenation with ATAG_CMDLINE ARM: 7436/1: Do not map the vectors page as write-through on UP systems ...
2012-07-27Merge tag 'cpumask-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux-2.6-for-linus Pull cpumask changes from Rusty Russell: "Trivial comment changes to cpumask code. I guess it's getting boring." Boring is good. * tag 'cpumask-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux-2.6-for-linus: cpumask: cpulist_parse() comments correction init: add comments to keep initcall-names in sync with initcall levels cpumask: add a few comments of cpumask functions
2012-07-27init: add comments to keep initcall-names in sync with initcall levelsJim Cromie
main.c has initcall_level_names[] for parse_args to print in debug messages, add comments to keep them in sync with initcalls defined in init.h. Also add "loadable" into comment re not using *_initcall macros in modules, to disambiguate from kernel/params.c and other builtins. Signed-off-by: Jim Cromie <jim.cromie@gmail.com> Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <borislav.petkov@amd.com> Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
2012-07-26Merge branch 'x86-efi-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pul x86/efi changes from Ingo Molnar: "This tree adds an EFI bootloader handover protocol, which, once supported on the bootloader side, will make bootup faster and might result in simpler bootloaders. The other change activates the EFI wall clock time accessors on x86-64 as well, instead of the legacy RTC readout." * 'x86-efi-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: x86, efi: Handover Protocol x86-64/efi: Use EFI to deal with platform wall clock
2012-07-22switch fput to task_work_addAl Viro
... and schedule_work() for interrupt/kernel_thread callers (and yes, now it *is* OK to call from interrupt). We are guaranteed that __fput() will be done before we return to userland (or exit). Note that for fput() from a kernel thread we get an async behaviour; it's almost always OK, but sometimes you might need to have __fput() completed before you do anything else. There are two mechanisms for that - a general barrier (flush_delayed_fput()) and explicit __fput_sync(). Both should be used with care (as was the case for fput() from kernel threads all along). See comments in fs/file_table.c for details. Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2012-07-09ARM: 7453/1: audit: only allow syscall auditing for pure EABI userspaceWill Deacon
The audit tools support only EABI userspace and, since there are no AUDIT_ARCH_* defines for the ARM OABI, it makes sense to allow syscall auditing on ARM only for EABI at the moment. Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
2012-06-08init: Drop initcall level outputBorislav Petkov
9fb48c744ba6a ("params: add 3rd arg to option handler callback signature") added similar lines to dmesg: initlevel:0=early, 4 registered initcalls initlevel:1=core, 31 registered initcalls initlevel:2=postcore, 11 registered initcalls initlevel:3=arch, 7 registered initcalls initlevel:4=subsys, 40 registered initcalls initlevel:5=fs, 30 registered initcalls initlevel:6=device, 250 registered initcalls initlevel:7=late, 35 registered initcalls but they don't contain any info for the general user staring at dmesg. I'm very doubtful the count of initcalls registered per level helps anyone so drop that output completely. Cc: Jim Cromie <jim.cromie@gmail.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <borislav.petkov@amd.com> Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
2012-06-08module_param: stop double-calling parameters.Rusty Russell
Commit 026cee0086fe1df4cf74691cf273062cc769617d "params: <level>_initcall-like kernel parameters" set old-style module parameters to level 0. And we call those level 0 calls where we used to, early in start_kernel(). We also loop through the initcall levels and call the levelled module_params before the corresponding initcall. Unfortunately level 0 is early_init(), so we call the standard module_param calls twice. (Turns out most things don't care, but at least ubi.mtd does). Change the level to -1 for standard module_param calls. Reported-by: Benoît Thébaudeau <benoit.thebaudeau@advansee.com> Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: stable@kernel.org
2012-06-06x86-64/efi: Use EFI to deal with platform wall clockJan Beulich
Other than ix86, x86-64 on EFI so far didn't set the {g,s}et_wallclock accessors to the EFI routines, thus incorrectly using raw RTC accesses instead. Simply removing the #ifdef around the respective code isn't enough, however: While so far early get-time calls were done in physical mode, this doesn't work properly for x86-64, as virtual addresses would still need to be set up for all runtime regions (which wasn't the case on the system I have access to), so instead the patch moves the call to efi_enter_virtual_mode() ahead (which in turn allows to drop all code related to calling efi-get-time in physical mode). Additionally the earlier calling of efi_set_executable() requires the CPA code to cope, i.e. during early boot it must be avoided to call cpa_flush_array(), as the first thing this function does is a BUG_ON(irqs_disabled()). Also make the two EFI functions in question here static - they're not being referenced elsewhere. Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com> Tested-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com> Acked-by: Matthew Garrett <mjg@redhat.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/4FBFBF5F020000780008637F@nat28.tlf.novell.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2012-05-31Merge branch 'akpm' (Andrew's patch-bomb)Linus Torvalds
Merge misc patches from Andrew Morton: - the "misc" tree - stuff from all over the map - checkpatch updates - fatfs - kmod changes - procfs - cpumask - UML - kexec - mqueue - rapidio - pidns - some checkpoint-restore feature work. Reluctantly. Most of it delayed a release. I'm still rather worried that we don't have a clear roadmap to completion for this work. * emailed from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (78 patches) kconfig: update compression algorithm info c/r: prctl: add ability to set new mm_struct::exe_file c/r: prctl: extend PR_SET_MM to set up more mm_struct entries c/r: procfs: add arg_start/end, env_start/end and exit_code members to /proc/$pid/stat syscalls, x86: add __NR_kcmp syscall fs, proc: introduce /proc/<pid>/task/<tid>/children entry sysctl: make kernel.ns_last_pid control dependent on CHECKPOINT_RESTORE aio/vfs: cleanup of rw_copy_check_uvector() and compat_rw_copy_check_uvector() eventfd: change int to __u64 in eventfd_signal() fs/nls: add Apple NLS pidns: make killed children autoreap pidns: use task_active_pid_ns in do_notify_parent rapidio/tsi721: add DMA engine support rapidio: add DMA engine support for RIO data transfers ipc/mqueue: add rbtree node caching support tools/selftests: add mq_perf_tests ipc/mqueue: strengthen checks on mqueue creation ipc/mqueue: correct mq_attr_ok test ipc/mqueue: improve performance of send/recv selftests: add mq_open_tests ...
2012-05-31kconfig: update compression algorithm infoRandy Dunlap
There have been new compression algorithms added without updating nearby relevant descriptive text that refers to (a) the number of compression algorithms and (b) the most recent one. Fix these inconsistencies. Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net> Reported-by: <qasdfgtyuiop@gmail.com> Cc: Lasse Collin <lasse.collin@tukaani.org> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Markus Trippelsdorf <markus@trippelsdorf.de> Cc: Alain Knaff <alain@knaff.lu> Cc: Albin Tonnerre <albin.tonnerre@free-electrons.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-05-31init: disable sparse checking of the mount.o source filesH Hartley Sweeten
The init/mount.o source files produce a number of sparse warnings of the type: warning: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) expected char [noderef] <asn:1>*dev_name got char *name This is due to the syscalls expecting some of the arguments to be user pointers but they are being passed as kernel pointers. This is harmless but adds a lot of noise to a sparse build. To limit the noise just disable the sparse checking in the relevant source files, but still display a warning so that the user knows this has been done. Since the sparse checking has been disabled we can also remove the __user __force casts that are scattered thru the source. Signed-off-by: H Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-05-30Merge branch 'for-3.5/core' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-blockLinus Torvalds
Merge block/IO core bits from Jens Axboe: "This is a bit bigger on the core side than usual, but that is purely because we decided to hold off on parts of Tejun's submission on 3.4 to give it a bit more time to simmer. As a consequence, it's seen a long cycle in for-next. It contains: - Bug fix from Dan, wrong locking type. - Relax splice gifting restriction from Eric. - A ton of updates from Tejun, primarily for blkcg. This improves the code a lot, making the API nicer and cleaner, and also includes fixes for how we handle and tie policies and re-activate on switches. The changes also include generic bug fixes. - A simple fix from Vivek, along with a fix for doing proper delayed allocation of the blkcg stats." Fix up annoying conflict just due to different merge resolution in Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt * 'for-3.5/core' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (92 commits) blkcg: tg_stats_alloc_lock is an irq lock vmsplice: relax alignement requirements for SPLICE_F_GIFT blkcg: use radix tree to index blkgs from blkcg blkcg: fix blkcg->css ref leak in __blkg_lookup_create() block: fix elvpriv allocation failure handling block: collapse blk_alloc_request() into get_request() blkcg: collapse blkcg_policy_ops into blkcg_policy blkcg: embed struct blkg_policy_data in policy specific data blkcg: mass rename of blkcg API blkcg: style cleanups for blk-cgroup.h blkcg: remove blkio_group->path[] blkcg: blkg_rwstat_read() was missing inline blkcg: shoot down blkgs if all policies are deactivated blkcg: drop stuff unused after per-queue policy activation update blkcg: implement per-queue policy activation blkcg: add request_queue->root_blkg blkcg: make request_queue bypassing on allocation blkcg: make sure blkg_lookup() returns %NULL if @q is bypassing blkcg: make blkg_conf_prep() take @pol and return with queue lock held blkcg: remove static policy ID enums ...
2012-05-24Merge branch 'timers-core-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull timer updates from Thomas Gleixner. Various trivial conflict fixups in arch Kconfig due to addition of unrelated entries nearby. And one slightly more subtle one for sparc32 (new user of GENERIC_CLOCKEVENTS), fixed up as per Thomas. * 'timers-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (31 commits) timekeeping: Fix a few minor newline issues. time: remove obsolete declaration ntp: Fix a stale comment and a few stray newlines. ntp: Correct TAI offset during leap second timers: Fixup the Kconfig consolidation fallout x86: Use generic time config unicore32: Use generic time config um: Use generic time config tile: Use generic time config sparc: Use: generic time config sh: Use generic time config score: Use generic time config s390: Use generic time config openrisc: Use generic time config powerpc: Use generic time config mn10300: Use generic time config mips: Use generic time config microblaze: Use generic time config m68k: Use generic time config m32r: Use generic time config ...
2012-05-23Merge branch 'for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiederm/user-namespace Pull user namespace enhancements from Eric Biederman: "This is a course correction for the user namespace, so that we can reach an inexpensive, maintainable, and reasonably complete implementation. Highlights: - Config guards make it impossible to enable the user namespace and code that has not been converted to be user namespace safe. - Use of the new kuid_t type ensures the if you somehow get past the config guards the kernel will encounter type errors if you enable user namespaces and attempt to compile in code whose permission checks have not been updated to be user namespace safe. - All uids from child user namespaces are mapped into the initial user namespace before they are processed. Removing the need to add an additional check to see if the user namespace of the compared uids remains the same. - With the user namespaces compiled out the performance is as good or better than it is today. - For most operations absolutely nothing changes performance or operationally with the user namespace enabled. - The worst case performance I could come up with was timing 1 billion cache cold stat operations with the user namespace code enabled. This went from 156s to 164s on my laptop (or 156ns to 164ns per stat operation). - (uid_t)-1 and (gid_t)-1 are reserved as an internal error value. Most uid/gid setting system calls treat these value specially anyway so attempting to use -1 as a uid would likely cause entertaining failures in userspace. - If setuid is called with a uid that can not be mapped setuid fails. I have looked at sendmail, login, ssh and every other program I could think of that would call setuid and they all check for and handle the case where setuid fails. - If stat or a similar system call is called from a context in which we can not map a uid we lie and return overflowuid. The LFS experience suggests not lying and returning an error code might be better, but the historical precedent with uids is different and I can not think of anything that would break by lying about a uid we can't map. - Capabilities are localized to the current user namespace making it safe to give the initial user in a user namespace all capabilities. My git tree covers all of the modifications needed to convert the core kernel and enough changes to make a system bootable to runlevel 1." Fix up trivial conflicts due to nearby independent changes in fs/stat.c * 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiederm/user-namespace: (46 commits) userns: Silence silly gcc warning. cred: use correct cred accessor with regards to rcu read lock userns: Convert the move_pages, and migrate_pages permission checks to use uid_eq userns: Convert cgroup permission checks to use uid_eq userns: Convert tmpfs to use kuid and kgid where appropriate userns: Convert sysfs to use kgid/kuid where appropriate userns: Convert sysctl permission checks to use kuid and kgids. userns: Convert proc to use kuid/kgid where appropriate userns: Convert ext4 to user kuid/kgid where appropriate userns: Convert ext3 to use kuid/kgid where appropriate userns: Convert ext2 to use kuid/kgid where appropriate. userns: Convert devpts to use kuid/kgid where appropriate userns: Convert binary formats to use kuid/kgid where appropriate userns: Add negative depends on entries to avoid building code that is userns unsafe userns: signal remove unnecessary map_cred_ns userns: Teach inode_capable to understand inodes whose uids map to other namespaces. userns: Fail exec for suid and sgid binaries with ids outside our user namespace. userns: Convert stat to return values mapped from kuids and kgids userns: Convert user specfied uids and gids in chown into kuids and kgid userns: Use uid_eq gid_eq helpers when comparing kuids and kgids in the vfs ...
2012-05-23Merge branch 'x86-extable-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull exception table generation updates from Ingo Molnar: "The biggest change here is to allow the build-time sorting of the exception table, to speed up booting. This is achieved by the architecture enabling BUILDTIME_EXTABLE_SORT. This option is enabled for x86 and MIPS currently. On x86 a number of fixes and changes were needed to allow build-time sorting of the exception table, in particular a relocation invariant exception table format was needed. This required the abstracting out of exception table protocol and the removal of 20 years of accumulated assumptions about the x86 exception table format. While at it, this tree also cleans up various other aspects of exception handling, such as early(er) exception handling for rdmsr_safe() et al. All in one, as the result of these changes the x86 exception code is now pretty nice and modern. As an added bonus any regressions in this code will be early and violent crashes, so if you see any of those, you'll know whom to blame!" Fix up trivial conflicts in arch/{mips,x86}/Kconfig files due to nearby modifications of other core architecture options. * 'x86-extable-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (35 commits) Revert "x86, extable: Disable presorted exception table for now" scripts/sortextable: Handle relative entries, and other cleanups x86, extable: Switch to relative exception table entries x86, extable: Disable presorted exception table for now x86, extable: Add _ASM_EXTABLE_EX() macro x86, extable: Remove open-coded exception table entries in arch/x86/ia32/ia32entry.S x86, extable: Remove open-coded exception table entries in arch/x86/include/asm/xsave.h x86, extable: Remove open-coded exception table entries in arch/x86/include/asm/kvm_host.h x86, extable: Remove the now-unused __ASM_EX_SEC macros x86, extable: Remove open-coded exception table entries in arch/x86/xen/xen-asm_32.S x86, extable: Remove open-coded exception table entries in arch/x86/um/checksum_32.S x86, extable: Remove open-coded exception table entries in arch/x86/lib/usercopy_32.c x86, extable: Remove open-coded exception table entries in arch/x86/lib/putuser.S x86, extable: Remove open-coded exception table entries in arch/x86/lib/getuser.S x86, extable: Remove open-coded exception table entries in arch/x86/lib/csum-copy_64.S x86, extable: Remove open-coded exception table entries in arch/x86/lib/copy_user_nocache_64.S x86, extable: Remove open-coded exception table entries in arch/x86/lib/copy_user_64.S x86, extable: Remove open-coded exception table entries in arch/x86/lib/checksum_32.S x86, extable: Remove open-coded exception table entries in arch/x86/kernel/test_rodata.c x86, extable: Remove open-coded exception table entries in arch/x86/kernel/entry_64.S ...
2012-05-22Merge branch 'perf-core-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull perf changes from Ingo Molnar: "Lots of changes: - (much) improved assembly annotation support in perf report, with jump visualization, searching, navigation, visual output improvements and more. - kernel support for AMD IBS PMU hardware features. Notably 'perf record -e cycles:p' and 'perf top -e cycles:p' should work without skid now, like PEBS does on the Intel side, because it takes advantage of IBS transparently. - the libtracevents library: it is the first step towards unifying tracing tooling and perf, and it also gives a tracing library for external tools like powertop to rely on. - infrastructure: various improvements and refactoring of the UI modules and related code - infrastructure: cleanup and simplification of the profiling targets code (--uid, --pid, --tid, --cpu, --all-cpus, etc.) - tons of robustness fixes all around - various ftrace updates: speedups, cleanups, robustness improvements. - typing 'make' in tools/ will now give you a menu of projects to build and a short help text to explain what each does. - ... and lots of other changes I forgot to list. The perf record make bzImage + perf report regression you reported should be fixed." * 'perf-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (166 commits) tracing: Remove kernel_lock annotations tracing: Fix initial buffer_size_kb state ring-buffer: Merge separate resize loops perf evsel: Create events initially disabled -- again perf tools: Split term type into value type and term type perf hists: Fix callchain ip printf format perf target: Add uses_mmap field ftrace: Remove selecting FRAME_POINTER with FUNCTION_TRACER ftrace/x86: Have x86 ftrace use the ftrace_modify_all_code() ftrace: Make ftrace_modify_all_code() global for archs to use ftrace: Return record ip addr for ftrace_location() ftrace: Consolidate ftrace_location() and ftrace_text_reserved() ftrace: Speed up search by skipping pages by address ftrace: Remove extra helper functions ftrace: Sort all function addresses, not just per page tracing: change CPU ring buffer state from tracing_cpumask tracing: Check return value of tracing_dentry_percpu() ring-buffer: Reset head page before running self test ring-buffer: Add integrity check at end of iter read ring-buffer: Make addition of pages in ring buffer atomic ...
2012-05-22Merge tag 'driver-core-3.5-rc1' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core Pull driver core updates from Greg Kroah-Hartman: "Here's the driver core, and other driver subsystems, pull request for the 3.5-rc1 merge window. Outside of a few minor driver core changes, we ended up with the following different subsystem and core changes as well, due to interdependancies on the driver core: - hyperv driver updates - drivers/memory being created and some drivers moved into it - extcon driver subsystem created out of the old Android staging switch driver code - dynamic debug updates - printk rework, and /dev/kmsg changes All of this has been tested in the linux-next releases for a few weeks with no reported problems. Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>" Fix up conflicts in drivers/extcon/extcon-max8997.c where git noticed that a patch to the deleted drivers/misc/max8997-muic.c driver needs to be applied to this one. * tag 'driver-core-3.5-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core: (90 commits) uio_pdrv_genirq: get irq through platform resource if not set otherwise memory: tegra{20,30}-mc: Remove empty *_remove() printk() - isolate KERN_CONT users from ordinary complete lines sysfs: get rid of some lockdep false positives Drivers: hv: util: Properly handle version negotiations. Drivers: hv: Get rid of an unnecessary check in vmbus_prep_negotiate_resp() memory: tegra{20,30}-mc: Use dev_err_ratelimited() driver core: Add dev_*_ratelimited() family Driver Core: don't oops with unregistered driver in driver_find_device() printk() - restore prefix/timestamp printing for multi-newline strings printk: add stub for prepend_timestamp() ARM: tegra30: Make MC optional in Kconfig ARM: tegra20: Make MC optional in Kconfig ARM: tegra30: MC: Remove unnecessary BUG*() ARM: tegra20: MC: Remove unnecessary BUG*() printk: correctly align __log_buf ARM: tegra30: Add Tegra Memory Controller(MC) driver ARM: tegra20: Add Tegra Memory Controller(MC) driver printk() - restore timestamp printing at console output printk() - do not merge continuation lines of different threads ...
2012-05-21Merge branch 'smp-hotplug-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull smp hotplug cleanups from Thomas Gleixner: "This series is merily a cleanup of code copied around in arch/* and not changing any of the real cpu hotplug horrors yet. I wish I'd had something more substantial for 3.5, but I underestimated the lurking horror..." Fix up trivial conflicts in arch/{arm,sparc,x86}/Kconfig and arch/sparc/include/asm/thread_info_32.h * 'smp-hotplug-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (79 commits) um: Remove leftover declaration of alloc_task_struct_node() task_allocator: Use config switches instead of magic defines sparc: Use common threadinfo allocator score: Use common threadinfo allocator sh-use-common-threadinfo-allocator mn10300: Use common threadinfo allocator powerpc: Use common threadinfo allocator mips: Use common threadinfo allocator hexagon: Use common threadinfo allocator m32r: Use common threadinfo allocator frv: Use common threadinfo allocator cris: Use common threadinfo allocator x86: Use common threadinfo allocator c6x: Use common threadinfo allocator fork: Provide kmemcache based thread_info allocator tile: Use common threadinfo allocator fork: Provide weak arch_release_[task_struct|thread_info] functions fork: Move thread info gfp flags to header fork: Remove the weak insanity sh: Remove cpu_idle_wait() ...
2012-05-21Merge branch 'core-rcu-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull RCU changes from Ingo Molnar: "This is the v3.5 RCU tree from Paul E. McKenney: 1) A set of improvements and fixes to the RCU_FAST_NO_HZ feature (with more on the way for 3.6). Posted to LKML: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/4/23/324 (commits 1-3 and 5), https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/4/16/611 (commit 4), https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/4/30/390 (commit 6), and https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/5/4/410 (commit 7, combined with the other commits for the convenience of the tester). 2) Changes to make rcu_barrier() avoid disrupting execution of CPUs that have no RCU callbacks. Posted to LKML: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/4/23/322. 3) A couple of commits that improve the efficiency of the interaction between preemptible RCU and the scheduler, these two being all that survived an abortive attempt to allow preemptible RCU's __rcu_read_lock() to be inlined. The full set was posted to LKML at https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/4/14/143, and the first and third patches of that set remain. 4) Lai Jiangshan's algorithmic implementation of SRCU, which includes call_srcu() and srcu_barrier(). A major feature of this new implementation is that synchronize_srcu() no longer disturbs the execution of other CPUs. This work is based on earlier implementations by Peter Zijlstra and Paul E. McKenney. Posted to LKML: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/2/22/82. 5) A number of miscellaneous bug fixes and improvements which were posted to LKML at: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/4/23/353 with subsequent updates posted to LKML." * 'core-rcu-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (32 commits) rcu: Make rcu_barrier() less disruptive rcu: Explicitly initialize RCU_FAST_NO_HZ per-CPU variables rcu: Make RCU_FAST_NO_HZ handle timer migration rcu: Update RCU maintainership rcu: Make exit_rcu() more precise and consolidate rcu: Move PREEMPT_RCU preemption to switch_to() invocation rcu: Ensure that RCU_FAST_NO_HZ timers expire on correct CPU rcu: Add rcutorture test for call_srcu() rcu: Implement per-domain single-threaded call_srcu() state machine rcu: Use single value to handle expedited SRCU grace periods rcu: Improve srcu_readers_active_idx()'s cache locality rcu: Remove unused srcu_barrier() rcu: Implement a variant of Peter's SRCU algorithm rcu: Improve SRCU's wait_idx() comments rcu: Flip ->completed only once per SRCU grace period rcu: Increment upper bit only for srcu_read_lock() rcu: Remove fast check path from __synchronize_srcu() rcu: Direct algorithmic SRCU implementation rcu: Introduce rcutorture testing for rcu_barrier() timer: Fix mod_timer_pinned() header comment ...
2012-05-21timers: Fixup the Kconfig consolidation falloutThomas Gleixner
Sigh, I missed to check which architecture Kconfig files actually include the core Kconfig file. There are a few which did not. So we broke them. Instead of adding the includes to those, we are better off to move the include to init/Kconfig like we did already with irqs and others. This does not change anything for the architectures using the old style periodic timer mode. It just solves the build wreckage there. For those architectures which use the clock events infrastructure it moves the include of the core Kconfig file to "General setup" which is a way more logical place than having it at random locations specified by the architecture specific Kconfigs. Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: Anna-Maria Gleixner <anna-maria@glx-um.de> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2012-05-21Fix blocking allocations called very early during bootupLinus Torvalds
During early boot, when the scheduler hasn't really been fully set up, we really can't do blocking allocations because with certain (dubious) configurations the "might_resched()" calls can actually result in scheduling events. We could just make such users always use GFP_ATOMIC, but quite often the code that does the allocation isn't really aware of the fact that the scheduler isn't up yet, and forcing that kind of random knowledge on the initialization code is just annoying and not good for anybody. And we actually have a the 'gfp_allowed_mask' exactly for this reason: it's just that the kernel init sequence happens to set it to allow blocking allocations much too early. So move the 'gfp_allowed_mask' initialization from 'start_kernel()' (which is some of the earliest init code, and runs with preemption disabled for good reasons) into 'kernel_init()'. kernel_init() is run in the newly created thread that will become the 'init' process, as opposed to the early startup code that runs within the context of what will be the first idle thread. So by the time we reach 'kernel_init()', we know that the scheduler must be at least limping along, because we've already scheduled from the idle thread into the init thread. Reported-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-05-18Merge remote-tracking branch 'tip/perf/urgent' into perf/coreArnaldo Carvalho de Melo
Merge reason: We are going to queue up a dependent patch: "perf tools: Move parse event automated tests to separated object" That depends on: commit e7c72d8 perf tools: Add 'G' and 'H' modifiers to event parsing Conflicts: tools/perf/builtin-stat.c Conflicted with the recent 'perf_target' patches when checking the result of perf_evsel open routines to see if a retry is needed to cope with older kernels where the exclude guest/host perf_event_attr bits were not used. Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
2012-05-15userns: Convert the move_pages, and migrate_pages permission checks to use ↵Eric W. Biederman
uid_eq Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com> Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
2012-05-15userns: Convert cgroup permission checks to use uid_eqEric W. Biederman
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com> Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
2012-05-15userns: Convert tmpfs to use kuid and kgid where appropriateEric W. Biederman
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com> Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
2012-05-15userns: Convert sysfs to use kgid/kuid where appropriateEric W. Biederman
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com> Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
2012-05-15userns: Convert sysctl permission checks to use kuid and kgids.Eric W. Biederman
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com> Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
2012-05-15userns: Convert proc to use kuid/kgid where appropriateEric W. Biederman
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com> Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
2012-05-15userns: Convert ext4 to user kuid/kgid where appropriateEric W. Biederman
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com> Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
2012-05-15userns: Convert ext3 to use kuid/kgid where appropriateEric W. Biederman
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com> Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
2012-05-15userns: Convert ext2 to use kuid/kgid where appropriate.Eric W. Biederman
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com> Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
2012-05-15userns: Convert devpts to use kuid/kgid where appropriateEric W. Biederman
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com> Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
2012-05-15userns: Convert binary formats to use kuid/kgid where appropriateEric W. Biederman
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com> Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
2012-05-15userns: Add negative depends on entries to avoid building code that is ↵Eric W. Biederman
userns unsafe Add a new internal Kconfig option UIDGID_CONVERTED that is true when the selected Kconfig options have been converted to be user namespace safe, and guard USER_NS and guard the UIDGID_STRICT_TYPE_CHECK options with it. This keeps innocent kernel users from having the choice to enable the user namespace in the cases where it is known not to work. Most of the rest of the conversions are simple and straight forward but their sheer number means it is good not to count on having them all done and reviwed before thinking of merging this code. Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com> Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
2012-05-14Merge branch 'rcu/next' of ↵Ingo Molnar
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulmck/linux-rcu into core/rcu Pull the v3.5 RCU tree from Paul E. McKenney: 1) A set of improvements and fixes to the RCU_FAST_NO_HZ feature (with more on the way for 3.6). Posted to LKML: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/4/23/324 (commits 1-3 and 5), https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/4/16/611 (commit 4), https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/4/30/390 (commit 6), and https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/5/4/410 (commit 7, combined with the other commits for the convenience of the tester). 2) Changes to make rcu_barrier() avoid disrupting execution of CPUs that have no RCU callbacks. Posted to LKML: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/4/23/322. 3) A couple of commits that improve the efficiency of the interaction between preemptible RCU and the scheduler, these two being all that survived an abortive attempt to allow preemptible RCU's __rcu_read_lock() to be inlined. The full set was posted to LKML at https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/4/14/143, and the first and third patches of that set remain. 4) Lai Jiangshan's algorithmic implementation of SRCU, which includes call_srcu() and srcu_barrier(). A major feature of this new implementation is that synchronize_srcu() no longer disturbs the execution of other CPUs. This work is based on earlier implementations by Peter Zijlstra and Paul E. McKenney. Posted to LKML: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/2/22/82. 5) A number of miscellaneous bug fixes and improvements which were posted to LKML at: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/4/23/353 with subsequent updates posted to LKML. Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2012-05-08Merge branch 'smp/threadalloc' into smp/hotplugThomas Gleixner
Reason: Pull in the separate branch which was created so arch/tile can base further work on it. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2012-05-05init: don't try mounting device as nfs root unless type fully matchesSasha Levin
Currently, we'll try mounting any device who's major device number is UNNAMED_MAJOR as NFS root. This would happen for non-NFS devices as well (such as 9p devices) but it wouldn't cause any issues since mounting the device as NFS would fail quickly and the code proceeded to doing the proper mount: [ 101.522716] VFS: Unable to mount root fs via NFS, trying floppy. [ 101.534499] VFS: Mounted root (9p filesystem) on device 0:18. Commit 6829a048102a ("NFS: Retry mounting NFSROOT") introduced retries when mounting NFS root, which means that now we don't immediately fail and instead it takes an additional 90+ seconds until we stop retrying, which has revealed the issue this patch fixes. This meant that it would take an additional 90 seconds to boot when we're not using a device type which gets detected in order before NFS. This patch modifies the NFS type check to require device type to be 'Root_NFS' instead of requiring the device to have an UNNAMED_MAJOR major. This makes boot process cleaner since we now won't go through the NFS mounting code at all when the device isn't an NFS root ("/dev/nfs"). Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <levinsasha928@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-05-05init_task: Replace CONFIG_HAVE_GENERIC_INIT_TASKThomas Gleixner
Now that all archs except ia64 are converted, replace the config and let the ia64 select CONFIG_ARCH_INIT_TASK Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120503085035.867948914@linutronix.de
2012-05-05init_task: Create generic init_task instanceThomas Gleixner
All archs define init_task in the same way (except ia64, but there is no particular reason why ia64 cannot use the common version). Create a generic instance so all archs can be converted over. The config switch is temporary and will be removed when all archs are converted over. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Chen Liqin <liqin.chen@sunplusct.com> Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com> Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guan Xuetao <gxt@mprc.pku.edu.cn> Cc: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@gmail.com> Cc: Hirokazu Takata <takata@linux-m32r.org> Cc: James E.J. Bottomley <jejb@parisc-linux.org> Cc: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com> Cc: Jonas Bonn <jonas@southpole.se> Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org> Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Cc: Richard Kuo <rkuo@codeaurora.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk> Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120503085034.092585287@linutronix.de
2012-05-02Merge 3.4-rc5 into driver-core-nextGreg Kroah-Hartman
This was done to resolve a merge issue with the init/main.c file. Reported-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2012-05-01Merge tag 'v3.4-rc5' into for-3.5/coreJens Axboe
The core branch is behind driver commits that we want to build on for 3.5, hence I'm pulling in a later -rc. Linux 3.4-rc5 Conflicts: Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2012-04-30params: add 3rd arg to option handler callback signatureJim Cromie
Add a 3rd arg, named "doing", to unknown-options callbacks invoked from parse_args(). The arg is passed as: "Booting kernel" from start_kernel(), initcall_level_names[i] from do_initcall_level(), mod->name from load_module(), via parse_args(), parse_one() parse_args() already has the "name" parameter, which is renamed to "doing" to better reflect current uses 1,2 above. parse_args() passes it to an altered parse_one(), which now passes it down into the unknown option handler callbacks. The mod->name will be needed to handle dyndbg for loadable modules, since params passed by modprobe are not qualified (they do not have a "$modname." prefix), and by the time the unknown-param callback is called, the module name is not otherwise available. Minor tweaks: Add param-name to parse_one's pr_debug(), current message doesnt identify the param being handled, add it. Add a pr_info to print current level and level_name of the initcall, and number of registered initcalls at that level. This adds 7 lines to dmesg output, like: initlevel:6=device, 172 registered initcalls Drop "parameters" from initcall_level_names[], its unhelpful in the pr_info() added above. This array is passed into parse_args() by do_initcall_level(). CC: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Signed-off-by: Jim Cromie <jim.cromie@gmail.com> Acked-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2012-04-26perf: Remove PERF_COUNTERS config optionRobert Richter
Renaming remaining PERF_COUNTERS options into PERF_EVENTS. Think we can get rid of PERF_COUNTERS now. Signed-off-by: Robert Richter <robert.richter@amd.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1333643084-26776-5-git-send-email-robert.richter@amd.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2012-04-25init: fix bug where environment vars can't be passed via boot argsChris Metcalf
Commit 026cee0086f had the side-effect of dropping the '=' from the unknown boot arguments that are passed to init as environment variables. This is because parse_args() puts a NUL in the string where the '=' was when it passes the "param" and "val" pointers to the parsing subfunctions. Previously, unknown_bootoption() was the last parse_args() subfunction to run, and it carefully put back the '=' character. Now the ignore_unknown_bootoption() is the last one to run, and it wasn't doing the necessary repair, so the envp params ended up with the embedded NUL and were no longer seen as valid environment variables by init. Tested-by: Woody Suwalski <terraluna977@gmail.com> Acked-by: Pawel Moll <pawel.moll@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
2012-04-24rcu: Reduce cache-miss initialization latencies for large systemsPaul E. McKenney
Commit #0209f649 (rcu: limit rcu_node leaf-level fanout) set an upper limit of 16 on the leaf-level fanout for the rcu_node tree. This was needed to reduce lock contention that was induced by the synchronization of scheduling-clock interrupts, which was in turn needed to improve energy efficiency for moderate-sized lightly loaded servers. However, reducing the leaf-level fanout means that there are more leaf-level rcu_node structures in the tree, which in turn means that RCU's grace-period initialization incurs more cache misses. This is not a problem on moderate-sized servers with only a few tens of CPUs, but becomes a major source of real-time latency spikes on systems with many hundreds of CPUs. In addition, the workloads running on these large systems tend to be CPU-bound, which eliminates the energy-efficiency advantages of synchronizing scheduling-clock interrupts. Therefore, these systems need maximal values for the rcu_node leaf-level fanout. This commit addresses this problem by introducing a new kernel parameter named RCU_FANOUT_LEAF that directly controls the leaf-level fanout. This parameter defaults to 16 to handle the common case of a moderate sized lightly loaded servers, but may be set higher on larger systems. Reported-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de> Reported-by: Dimitri Sivanich <sivanich@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>