/* * linux/mm/memory.c * * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Linus Torvalds */ /* * demand-loading started 01.12.91 - seems it is high on the list of * things wanted, and it should be easy to implement. - Linus */ /* * Ok, demand-loading was easy, shared pages a little bit tricker. Shared * pages started 02.12.91, seems to work. - Linus. * * Tested sharing by executing about 30 /bin/sh: under the old kernel it * would have taken more than the 6M I have free, but it worked well as * far as I could see. * * Also corrected some "invalidate()"s - I wasn't doing enough of them. */ /* * Real VM (paging to/from disk) started 18.12.91. Much more work and * thought has to go into this. Oh, well.. * 19.12.91 - works, somewhat. Sometimes I get faults, don't know why. * Found it. Everything seems to work now. * 20.12.91 - Ok, making the swap-device changeable like the root. */ /* * 05.04.94 - Multi-page memory management added for v1.1. * Idea by Alex Bligh (alex@cconcepts.co.uk) * * 16.07.99 - Support of BIGMEM added by Gerhard Wichert, Siemens AG * (Gerhard.Wichert@pdb.siemens.de) * * Aug/Sep 2004 Changed to four level page tables (Andi Kleen) */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "internal.h" #ifndef CONFIG_NEED_MULTIPLE_NODES /* use the per-pgdat data instead for discontigmem - mbligh */ unsigned long max_mapnr; struct page *mem_map; EXPORT_SYMBOL(max_mapnr); EXPORT_SYMBOL(mem_map); #endif unsigned long num_physpages; /* * A number of key systems in x86 including ioremap() rely on the assumption * that high_memory defines the upper bound on direct map memory, then end * of ZONE_NORMAL. Under CONFIG_DISCONTIG this means that max_low_pfn and * highstart_pfn must be the same; there must be no gap between ZONE_NORMAL * and ZONE_HIGHMEM. */ void * high_memory; EXPORT_SYMBOL(num_physpages); EXPORT_SYMBOL(high_memory); /* * Randomize the address space (stacks, mmaps, brk, etc.). * * ( When CONFIG_COMPAT_BRK=y we exclude brk from randomization, * as ancient (libc5 based) binaries can segfault. ) */ int randomize_va_space __read_mostly = #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT_BRK 1; #else 2; #endif static int __init disable_randmaps(char *s) { randomize_va_space = 0; return 1; } __setup("norandmaps", disable_randmaps); /* * If a p?d_bad entry is found while walking page tables, report * the error, before resetting entry to p?d_none. Usually (but * very seldom) called out from the p?d_none_or_clear_bad macros. */ void pgd_clear_bad(pgd_t *pgd) { pgd_ERROR(*pgd); pgd_clear(pgd); } void pud_clear_bad(pud_t *pud) { pud_ERROR(*pud); pud_clear(pud); } void pmd_clear_bad(pmd_t *pmd) { pmd_ERROR(*pmd); pmd_clear(pmd); } /* * Note: this doesn't free the actual pages themselves. That * has been handled earlier when unmapping all the memory regions. */ static void free_pte_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb, pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr) { pgtable_t token = pmd_pgtable(*pmd); pmd_clear(pmd); pte_free_tlb(tlb, token, addr); tlb->mm->nr_ptes--; } static inline void free_pmd_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb, pud_t *pud, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end, unsigned long floor, unsigned long ceiling) { pmd_t *pmd; unsigned long next; unsigned long start; start = addr; pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr); do { next = pmd_addr_end(addr, end); if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd)) continue; free_pte_range(tlb, pmd, addr); } while (pmd++, addr = next, addr != end); start &= PUD_MASK; if (start < floor) return; if (ceiling) { ceiling &= PUD_MASK; if (!ceiling) return; } if (end - 1 > ceiling - 1) return; pmd = pmd_offset(pud, start); pud_clear(pud); pmd_free_tlb(tlb, pmd, start); } static inline void free_pud_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb, pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end, unsigned long floor, unsigned long ceiling) { pud_t *pud; unsigned long next; unsigned long start; start = addr; pud = pud_offset(pgd, addr); do { next = pud_addr_end(addr, end); if (pud_none_or_clear_bad(pud)) continue; free_pmd_range(tlb, pud, addr, next, floor, ceiling); } while (pud++, addr = next, addr != end); start &= PGDIR_MASK; if (start < floor) return; if (ceiling) { ceiling &= PGDIR_MASK; if (!ceiling) return; } if (end - 1 > ceiling - 1) return; pud = pud_offset(pgd, start); pgd_clear(pgd); pud_free_tlb(tlb, pud, start); } /* * This function frees user-level page tables of a process. * * Must be called with pagetable lock held. */ void free_pgd_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end, unsigned long floor, unsigned long ceiling) { pgd_t *pgd; unsigned long next; unsigned long start; /* * The next few lines have given us lots of grief... * * Why are we testing PMD* at this top level? Because often * there will be no work to do at all, and we'd prefer not to * go all the way down to the bottom just to discover that. * * Why all these "- 1"s? Because 0 represents both the bottom * of the address space and the top of it (using -1 for the * top wouldn't help much: the masks would do the wrong thing). * The rule is that addr 0 and floor 0 refer to the bottom of * the address space, but end 0 and ceiling 0 refer to the top * Comparisons need to use "end - 1" and "ceiling - 1" (though * that end 0 case should be mythical). * * Wherever addr is brought up or ceiling brought down, we must * be careful to reject "the opposite 0" before it confuses the * subsequent tests. But what about where end is brought down * by PMD_SIZE below? no, end can't go down to 0 there. * * Whereas we round start (addr) and ceiling down, by different * masks at different levels, in order to test whether a table * now has no other vmas using it, so can be freed, we don't * bother to round floor or end up - the tests don't need that. */ addr &= PMD_MASK; if (addr < floor) { addr += PMD_SIZE; if (!addr) return; } if (ceiling) { ceiling &= PMD_MASK; if (!ceiling) return; } if (end - 1 > ceiling - 1) end -= PMD_SIZE; if (addr > end - 1) return; start = addr; pgd = pgd_offset(tlb->mm, addr); do { next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end); if (pgd_none_or_clear_bad(pgd)) continue; free_pud_range(tlb, pgd, addr, next, floor, ceiling); } while (pgd++, addr = next, addr != end); } void free_pgtables(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long floor, unsigned long ceiling) { while (vma) { struct vm_area_struct *next = vma->vm_next; unsigned long addr = vma->vm_start; /* * Hide vma from rmap and vmtruncate before freeing pgtables */ anon_vma_unlink(vma); unlink_file_vma(vma); if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma)) { hugetlb_free_pgd_range(tlb, addr, vma->vm_end, floor, next? next->vm_start: ceiling); } else { /* * Optimization: gather nearby vmas into one call down */ while (next && next->vm_start <= vma->vm_end + PMD_SIZE && !is_vm_hugetlb_page(next)) { vma = next; next = vma->vm_next; anon_vma_unlink(vma); unlink_file_vma(vma); } free_pgd_range(tlb, addr, vma->vm_end, floor, next? next->vm_start: ceiling); } vma = next; } } int __pte_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long address) { pgtable_t new = pte_alloc_one(mm, address); if (!new) return -ENOMEM; /* * Ensure all pte setup (eg. pte page lock and page clearing) are * visible before the pte is made visible to other CPUs by being * put into page tables. * * The other side of the story is the pointer chasing in the page * table walking code (when walking the page table without locking; * ie. most of the time). Fortunately, these data accesses consist * of a chain of data-dependent loads, meaning most CPUs (alpha * being the notable exception) will already guarantee loads are * seen in-order. See the alpha page table accessors for the * smp_read_barrier_depends() barriers in page table walking code. */ smp_wmb(); /* Could be smp_wmb__xxx(before|after)_spin_lock */ spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock); if (!pmd_present(*pmd)) { /* Has another populated it ? */ mm->nr_ptes++; pmd_populate(mm, pmd, new); new = NULL; } spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock); if (new) pte_free(mm, new); return 0; } int __pte_alloc_kernel(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long address) { pte_t *new = pte_alloc_one_kernel(&init_mm, address); if (!new) return -ENOMEM; smp_wmb(); /* See comment in __pte_alloc */ spin_lock(&init_mm.page_table_lock); if (!pmd_present(*pmd)) { /* Has another populated it ? */ pmd_populate_kernel(&init_mm, pmd, new); new = NULL; } spin_unlock(&init_mm.page_table_lock); if (new) pte_free_kernel(&init_mm, new); return 0; } static inline void add_mm_rss(struct mm_struct *mm, int file_rss, int anon_rss) { if (file_rss) add_mm_counter(mm, file_rss, file_rss); if (anon_rss) add_mm_counter(mm, anon_rss, anon_rss); } /* * This function is called to print an error when a bad pte * is found. For example, we might have a PFN-mapped pte in * a region that doesn't allow it. * * The calling function must still handle the error. */ static void print_bad_pte(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr, pte_t pte, struct page *page) { pgd_t *pgd = pgd_offset(vma->vm_mm, addr); pud_t *pud = pud_offset(pgd, addr); pmd_t *pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr); struct address_space *mapping; pgoff_t index; static unsigned long resume; static unsigned long nr_shown; static unsigned long nr_unshown; /* * Allow a burst of 60 reports, then keep quiet for that minute; * or allow a steady drip of one report per second. */ if (nr_shown == 60) { if (time_before(jiffies, resume)) { nr_unshown++; return; } if (nr_unshown) { printk(KERN_ALERT "BUG: Bad page map: %lu messages suppressed\n", nr_unshown); nr_unshown = 0; } nr_shown = 0; } if (nr_shown++ == 0) resume = jiffies + 60 * HZ; mapping = vma->vm_file ? vma->vm_file->f_mapping : NULL; index = linear_page_index(vma, addr); printk(KERN_ALERT "BUG: Bad page map in process %s pte:%08llx pmd:%08llx\n", current->comm, (long long)pte_val(pte), (long long)pmd_val(*pmd)); if (page) { printk(KERN_ALERT "page:%p flags:%p count:%d mapcount:%d mapping:%p index:%lx\n", page, (void *)page->flags, page_count(page), page_mapcount(page), page->mapping, page->index); } printk(KERN_ALERT "addr:%p vm_flags:%08lx anon_vma:%p mapping:%p index:%lx\n", (void *)addr, vma->vm_flags, vma->anon_vma, mapping, index); /* * Choose text because data symbols depend on CONFIG_KALLSYMS_ALL=y */ if (vma->vm_ops) print_symbol(KERN_ALERT "vma->vm_ops->fault: %s\n", (unsigned long)vma->vm_ops->fault); if (vma->vm_file && vma->vm_file->f_op) print_symbol(KERN_ALERT "vma->vm_file->f_op->mmap: %s\n", (unsigned long)vma->vm_file->f_op->mmap); dump_stack(); add_taint(TAINT_BAD_PAGE); } static inline int is_cow_mapping(unsigned int flags) { return (flags & (VM_SHARED | VM_MAYWRITE)) == VM_MAYWRITE; } /* * vm_normal_page -- This function gets the "struct page" associated with a pte. * * "Special" mappings do not wish to be associated with a "struct page" (either * it doesn't exist, or it exists but they don't want to touch it). In this * case, NULL is returned here. "Normal" mappings do have a struct page. * * There are 2 broad cases. Firstly, an architecture may define a pte_special() * pte bit, in which case this function is trivial. Secondly, an architecture * may not have a spare pte bit, which requires a more complicated scheme, * described below. * * A raw VM_PFNMAP mapping (ie. one that is not COWed) is always considered a * special mapping (even if there are underlying and valid "struct pages"). * COWed pages of a VM_PFNMAP are always normal. * * The way we recognize COWed pages within VM_PFNMAP mappings is through the * rules set up by "remap_pfn_range()": the vma will have the VM_PFNMAP bit * set, and the vm_pgoff will point to the first PFN mapped: thus every special * mapping will always honor the rule * * pfn_of_page == vma->vm_pgoff + ((addr - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT) * * And for normal mappings this is false. * * This restricts such mappings to be a linear translation from virtual address * to pfn. To get around this restriction, we allow arbitrary mappings so long * as the vma is not a COW mapping; in that case, we know that all ptes are * special (because none can have been COWed). * * * In order to support COW of arbitrary special mappings, we have VM_MIXEDMAP. * * VM_MIXEDMAP mappings can likewise contain memory with or without "struct * page" backing, however the difference is that _all_ pages with a struct * page (that is, those where pfn_valid is true) are refcounted and considered * normal pages by the VM. The disadvantage is that pages are refcounted * (which can be slower and simply not an option for some PFNMAP users). The * advantage is that we don't have to follow the strict linearity rule of * PFNMAP mappings in order to support COWable mappings. * */ #ifdef __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_SPECIAL # define HAVE_PTE_SPECIAL 1 #else # define HAVE_PTE_SPECIAL 0 #endif struct page *vm_normal_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr, pte_t pte) { unsigned long pfn = pte_pfn(pte); if (HAVE_PTE_SPECIAL) { if (likely(!pte_special(pte))) goto check_pfn; if (!(vma->vm_flags & (VM_PFNMAP | VM_MIXEDMAP))) print_bad_pte(vma, addr, pte, NULL); return NULL; } /* !HAVE_PTE_SPECIAL case follows: */ if (unlikely(vma->vm_flags & (VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP))) { if (vma->vm_flags & VM_MIXEDMAP) { if (!pfn_valid(pfn)) return NULL; goto out; } else { unsigned long off; off = (addr - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT; if (pfn == vma->vm_pgoff + off) return NULL; if (!is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags)) return NULL; } } check_pfn: if (unlikely(pfn > highest_memmap_pfn)) { print_bad_pte(vma, addr, pte, NULL); return NULL; } /* * NOTE! We still have PageReserved() pages in the page tables. * eg. VDSO mappings can cause them to exist. */ out: return pfn_to_page(pfn); } /* * copy one vm_area from one task to the other. Assumes the page tables * already present in the new task to be cleared in the whole range * covered by this vma. */ static inline void copy_one_pte(struct mm_struct *dst_mm, struct mm_struct *src_mm, pte_t *dst_pte, pte_t *src_pte, struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr, int *rss) { unsigned long vm_flags = vma->vm_flags; pte_t pte = *src_pte; struct page *page; /* pte contains position in swap or file, so copy. */ if (unlikely(!pte_present(pte))) { if (!pte_file(pte)) { swp_entry_t entry = pte_to_swp_entry(pte); swap_duplicate(entry); /* make sure dst_mm is on swapoff's mmlist. */ if (unlikely(list_empty(&dst_mm->mmlist))) { spin_lock(&mmlist_lock); if (list_empty(&dst_mm->mmlist)) list_add(&dst_mm->mmlist, &src_mm->mmlist); spin_unlock(&mmlist_lock); } if (is_write_migration_entry(entry) && is_cow_mapping(vm_flags)) { /* * COW mappings require pages in both parent * and child to be set to read. */ make_migration_entry_read(&entry); pte = swp_entry_to_pte(entry); set_pte_at(src_mm, addr, src_pte, pte); } } goto out_set_pte; } /* * If it's a COW mapping, write protect it both * in the parent and the child */ if (is_cow_mapping(vm_flags)) { ptep_set_wrprotect(src_mm, addr, src_pte); pte = pte_wrprotect(pte); } /* * If it's a shared mapping, mark it clean in * the child */ if (vm_flags & VM_SHARED) pte = pte_mkclean(pte); pte = pte_mkold(pte); page = vm_normal_page(vma, addr, pte); if (page) { get_page(page); page_dup_rmap(page, vma, addr); rss[!!PageAnon(page)]++; } out_set_pte: set_pte_at(dst_mm, addr, dst_pte, pte); } static int copy_pte_range(struct mm_struct *dst_mm, struct mm_struct *src_mm, pmd_t *dst_pmd, pmd_t *src_pmd, struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end) { pte_t *src_pte, *dst_pte; spinlock_t *src_ptl, *dst_ptl; int progress = 0; int rss[2]; again: rss[1] = rss[0] = 0; dst_pte = pte_alloc_map_lock(dst_mm, dst_pmd, addr, &dst_ptl); if (!dst_pte) return -ENOMEM; src_pte = pte_offset_map_nested(src_pmd, addr); src_ptl = pte_lockptr(src_mm, src_pmd); spin_lock_nested(src_ptl, SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING); arch_enter_lazy_mmu_mode(); do { /* * We are holding two locks at this point - either of them * could generate latencies in another task on another CPU. */ if (progress >= 32) { progress = 0; if (need_resched() || spin_needbreak(src_ptl) || spin_needbreak(dst_ptl)) break; } if (pte_none(*src_pte)) { progress++; continue; } copy_one_pte(dst_mm, src_mm, dst_pte, src_pte, vma, addr, rss); progress += 8; } while (dst_pte++, src_pte++, addr += PAGE_SIZE, addr != end); arch_leave_lazy_mmu_mode(); spin_unlock(src_ptl); pte_unmap_nested(src_pte - 1); add_mm_rss(dst_mm, rss[0], rss[1]); pte_unmap_unlock(dst_pte - 1, dst_ptl); cond_resched(); if (addr != end) goto again; return 0; } static inline int copy_pmd_range(struct mm_struct *dst_mm, struct mm_struct *src_mm, pud_t *dst_pud, pud_t *src_pud, struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end) { pmd_t *src_pmd, *dst_pmd; unsigned long next; dst_pmd = pmd_alloc(dst_mm, dst_pud, addr); if (!dst_pmd) return -ENOMEM; src_pmd = pmd_offset(src_pud, addr); do { next = pmd_addr_end(addr, end); if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(src_pmd)) continue; if (copy_pte_range(dst_mm, src_mm, dst_pmd, src_pmd, vma, addr, next)) return -ENOMEM; } while (dst_pmd++, src_pmd++, addr = next, addr != end); return 0; } static inline int copy_pud_range(struct mm_struct *dst_mm, struct mm_struct *src_mm, pgd_t *dst_pgd, pgd_t *src_pgd, struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end) { pud_t *src_pud, *dst_pud; unsigned long next; dst_pud = pud_alloc(dst_mm, dst_pgd, addr); if (!dst_pud) return -ENOMEM; src_pud = pud_offset(src_pgd, addr); do { next = pud_addr_end(addr, end); if (pud_none_or_clear_bad(src_pud)) continue; if (copy_pmd_range(dst_mm, src_mm, dst_pud, src_pud, vma, addr, next)) return -ENOMEM; } while (dst_pud++, src_pud++, addr = next, addr != end); return 0; } int copy_page_range(struct mm_struct *dst_mm, struct mm_struct *src_mm, struct vm_area_struct *vma) { pgd_t *src_pgd, *dst_pgd; unsigned long next; unsigned long addr = vma->vm_start; unsigned long end = vma->vm_end; int ret; /* * Don't copy ptes where a page fault will fill them correctly. * Fork becomes much lighter when there are big shared or private * readonly mappings. The tradeoff is that copy_page_range is more * efficient than faulting. */ if (!(vma->vm_flags & (VM_HUGETLB|VM_NONLINEAR|VM_PFNMAP|VM_INSERTPAGE))) { if (!vma->anon_vma) return 0; } if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma)) return copy_hugetlb_page_range(dst_mm, src_mm, vma); if (unlikely(is_pfn_mapping(vma))) { /* * We do not free on error cases below as remove_vma * gets called on error from higher level routine */ ret = track_pfn_vma_copy(vma); if (ret) return ret; } /* * We need to invalidate the secondary MMU mappings only when * there could be a permission downgrade on the ptes of the * parent mm. And a permission downgrade will only happen if * is_cow_mapping() returns true. */ if (is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags)) mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(src_mm, addr, end); ret = 0; dst_pgd = pgd_offset(dst_mm, addr); src_pgd = pgd_offset(src_mm, addr); do { next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end); if (pgd_none_or_clear_bad(src_pgd)) continue; if (unlikely(copy_pud_range(dst_mm, src_mm, dst_pgd, src_pgd, vma, addr, next))) { ret = -ENOMEM; break; } } while (dst_pgd++, src_pgd++, addr = next, addr != end); if (is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags)) mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(src_mm, vma->vm_start, end); return ret; } static unsigned long zap_pte_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct vm_area_struct *vma, pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end, long *zap_work, struct zap_details *details) { struct mm_struct *mm = tlb->mm; pte_t *pte; spinlock_t *ptl; int file_rss = 0; int anon_rss = 0; pte = pte_offset_map_lock(mm, pmd, addr, &ptl); arch_enter_lazy_mmu_mode(); do { pte_t ptent = *pte; if (pte_none(ptent)) { (*zap_work)--; continue; } (*zap_work) -= PAGE_SIZE; if (pte_present(ptent)) { struct page *page; page = vm_normal_page(vma, addr, ptent); if (unlikely(details) && page) { /* * unmap_shared_mapping_pages() wants to * invalidate cache without truncating: * unmap shared but keep private pages. */ if (details->check_mapping && details->check_mapping != page->mapping) continue; /* * Each page->index must be checked when * invalidating or truncating nonlinear. */ if (details->nonlinear_vma && (page->index < details->first_index || page->index > details->last_index)) continue; } ptent = ptep_get_and_clear_full(mm, addr, pte, tlb->fullmm); tlb_remove_tlb_entry(tlb, pte, addr); if (unlikely(!page)) continue; if (unlikely(details) && details->nonlinear_vma && linear_page_index(details->nonlinear_vma, addr) != page->index) set_pte_at(mm, addr, pte, pgoff_to_pte(page->index)); if (PageAnon(page)) anon_rss--; else { if (pte_dirty(ptent)) set_page_dirty(page); if (pte_young(ptent) && likely(!VM_SequentialReadHint(vma))) mark_page_accessed(page); file_rss--; } page_remove_rmap(page); if (unlikely(page_mapcount(page) < 0)) print_bad_pte(vma, addr, ptent, page); tlb_remove_page(tlb, page); continue; } /* * If details->check_mapping, we leave swap entries; * if details->nonlinear_vma, we leave file entries. */ if (unlikely(details)) continue; if (pte_file(ptent)) { if (unlikely(!(vma->vm_flags & VM_NONLINEAR))) print_bad_pte(vma, addr, ptent, NULL); } else if (unlikely(!free_swap_and_cache(pte_to_swp_entry(ptent)))) print_bad_pte(vma, addr, ptent, NULL); pte_clear_not_present_full(mm, addr, pte, tlb->fullmm); } while (pte++, addr += PAGE_SIZE, (addr != end && *zap_work > 0)); add_mm_rss(mm, file_rss, anon_rss); arch_leave_lazy_mmu_mode(); pte_unmap_unlock(pte - 1, ptl); return addr; } static inline unsigned long zap_pmd_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct vm_area_struct *vma, pud_t *pud, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end, long *zap_work, struct zap_details *details) { pmd_t *pmd; unsigned long next; pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr); do { next = pmd_addr_end(addr, end); if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd)) { (*zap_work)--; continue; } next = zap_pte_range(tlb, vma, pmd, addr, next, zap_work, details); } while (pmd++, addr = next, (addr != end && *zap_work > 0)); return addr; } static inline unsigned long zap_pud_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct vm_area_struct *vma, pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end, long *zap_work, struct zap_details *details) { pud_t *pud; unsigned long next; pud = pud_offset(pgd, addr); do { next = pud_addr_end(addr, end); if (pud_none_or_clear_bad(pud)) { (*zap_work)--; continue; } next = zap_pmd_range(tlb, vma, pud, addr, next, zap_work, details); } while (pud++, addr = next, (addr != end && *zap_work > 0)); return addr; } static unsigned long unmap_page_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end, long *zap_work, struct zap_details *details) { pgd_t *pgd; unsigned long next; if (details && !details->check_mapping && !details->nonlinear_vma) details = NULL; BUG_ON(addr >= end); tlb_start_vma(tlb, vma); pgd = pgd_offset(vma->vm_mm, addr); do { next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end); if (pgd_none_or_clear_bad(pgd)) { (*zap_work)--; continue; } next = zap_pud_range(tlb, vma, pgd, addr, next, zap_work, details); } while (pgd++, addr = next, (addr != end && *zap_work > 0)); tlb_end_vma(tlb, vma); return addr; } #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT # define ZAP_BLOCK_SIZE (8 * PAGE_SIZE) #else /* No preempt: go for improved straight-line efficiency */ # define ZAP_BLOCK_SIZE (1024 * PAGE_SIZE) #endif /** * unmap_vmas - unmap a range of memory covered by a list of vma's * @tlbp: address of the caller's struct mmu_gather * @vma: the starting vma * @start_addr: virtual address at which to start unmapping * @end_addr: virtual address at which to end unmapping * @nr_accounted: Place number of unmapped pages in vm-accountable vma's here * @details: details of nonlinear truncation or shared cache invalidation * * Returns the end address of the unmapping (restart addr if interrupted). * * Unmap all pages in the vma list. * * We aim to not hold locks for too long (for scheduling latency reasons). * So zap pages in ZAP_BLOCK_SIZE bytecounts. This means we need to * return the ending mmu_gather to the caller. * * Only addresses between `start' and `end' will be unmapped. * * The VMA list must be sorted in ascending virtual address order. * * unmap_vmas() assumes that the caller will flush the whole unmapped address * range after unmap_vmas() returns. So the only responsibility here is to * ensure that any thus-far unmapped pages are flushed before unmap_vmas() * drops the lock and schedules. */ unsigned long unmap_vmas(struct mmu_gather **tlbp, struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long start_addr, unsigned long end_addr, unsigned long *nr_accounted, struct zap_details *details) { long zap_work = ZAP_BLOCK_SIZE; unsigned long tlb_start = 0; /* For tlb_finish_mmu */ int tlb_start_valid = 0; unsigned long start = start_addr; spinlock_t *i_mmap_lock = details? details->i_mmap_lock: NULL; int fullmm = (*tlbp)->fullmm; struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm; mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(mm, start_addr, end_addr); for ( ; vma && vma->vm_start < end_addr; vma = vma->vm_next) { unsigned long end; start = max(vma->vm_start, start_addr); if (start >= vma->vm_end) continue; end = min(vma->vm_end, end_addr); if (end <= vma->vm_start) continue; if (vma->vm_flags & VM_ACCOUNT) *nr_accounted += (end - start) >> PAGE_SHIFT; if (unlikely(is_pfn_mapping(vma))) untrack_pfn_vma(vma, 0, 0); while (start != end) { if (!tlb_start_valid) { tlb_start = start; tlb_start_valid = 1; } if (unlikely(is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma))) { /* * It is undesirable to test vma->vm_file as it * should be non-null for valid hugetlb area. * However, vm_file will be NULL in the error * cleanup path of do_mmap_pgoff. When * hugetlbfs ->mmap method fails, * do_mmap_pgoff() nullifies vma->vm_file * before calling this function to clean up. * Since no pte has actually been setup, it is * safe to do nothing in this case. */ if (vma->vm_file) { unmap_hugepage_range(vma, start, end, NULL); zap_work -= (end - start) / pages_per_huge_page(hstate_vma(vma)); } start = end; } else start = unmap_page_range(*tlbp, vma, start, end, &zap_work, details); if (zap_work > 0) { BUG_ON(start != end); break; } tlb_finish_mmu(*tlbp, tlb_start, start); if (need_resched() || (i_mmap_lock && spin_needbreak(i_mmap_lock))) { if (i_mmap_lock) { *tlbp = NULL; goto out; } cond_resched(); } *tlbp = tlb_gather_mmu(vma->vm_mm, fullmm); tlb_start_valid = 0; zap_work = ZAP_BLOCK_SIZE; } } out: mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(mm, start_addr, end_addr); return start; /* which is now the end (or restart) address */ } /** * zap_page_range - remove user pages in a given range * @vma: vm_area_struct holding the applicable pages * @address: starting address of pages to zap * @size: number of bytes to zap * @details: details of nonlinear truncation or shared cache invalidation */ unsigned long zap_page_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address, unsigned long size, struct zap_details *details) { struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm; struct mmu_gather *tlb; unsigned long end = address + size; unsigned long nr_accounted = 0; lru_add_drain(); tlb = tlb_gather_mmu(mm, 0); update_hiwater_rss(mm); end = unmap_vmas(&tlb, vma, address, end, &nr_accounted, details); if (tlb) tlb_finish_mmu(tlb, address, end); return end; } /** * zap_vma_ptes - remove ptes mapping the vma * @vma: vm_area_struct holding ptes to be zapped * @address: starting address of pages to zap * @size: number of bytes to zap * * This function only unmaps ptes assigned to VM_PFNMAP vmas. * * The entire address range must be fully contained within the vma. * * Returns 0 if successful. */ int zap_vma_ptes(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address, unsigned long size) { if (address < vma->vm_start || address + size > vma->vm_end || !(vma->vm_flags & VM_PFNMAP)) return -1; zap_page_range(vma, address, size, NULL); return 0; } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(zap_vma_ptes); /* * Do a quick page-table lookup for a single page. */ struct page *follow_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address, unsigned int flags) { pgd_t *pgd; pud_t *pud; pmd_t *pmd; pte_t *ptep, pte; spinlock_t *ptl; struct page *page; struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm; page = follow_huge_addr(mm, address, flags & FOLL_WRITE); if (!IS_ERR(page)) { BUG_ON(flags & FOLL_GET); goto out; } page = NULL; pgd = pgd_offset(mm, address); if (pgd_none(*pgd) || unlikely(pgd_bad(*pgd))) goto no_page_table; pud = pud_offset(pgd, address); if (pud_none(*pud)) goto no_page_table; if (pud_huge(*pud)) { BUG_ON(flags & FOLL_GET); page = follow_huge_pud(mm, address, pud, flags & FOLL_WRITE); goto out; } if (unlikely(pud_bad(*pud))) goto no_page_table; pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address); if (pmd_none(*pmd)) goto no_page_table; if (pmd_huge(*pmd)) { BUG_ON(flags & FOLL_GET); page = follow_huge_pmd(mm, address, pmd, flags & FOLL_WRITE); goto out; } if (unlikely(pmd_bad(*pmd))) goto no_page_table; ptep = pte_offset_map_lock(mm, pmd, address, &ptl); pte = *ptep; if (!pte_present(pte)) goto no_page; if ((flags & FOLL_WRITE) && !pte_write(pte)) goto unlock; page = vm_normal_page(vma, address, pte); if (unlikely(!page)) goto bad_page; if (flags & FOLL_GET) get_page(page); if (flags & FOLL_TOUCH) { if ((flags & FOLL_WRITE) && !pte_dirty(pte) && !PageDirty(page)) set_page_dirty(page); /* * pte_mkyoung() would be more correct here, but atomic care * is needed to avoid losing the dirty bit: it is easier to use * mark_page_accessed(). */ mark_page_accessed(page); } unlock: pte_unmap_unlock(ptep, ptl); out: return page; bad_page: pte_unmap_unlock(ptep, ptl); return ERR_PTR(-EFAULT); no_page: pte_unmap_unlock(ptep, ptl); if (!pte_none(pte)) return page; /* Fall through to ZERO_PAGE handling */ no_page_table: /* * When core dumping an enormous anonymous area that nobody * has touched so far, we don't want to allocate page tables. */ if (flags & FOLL_ANON) { page = ZERO_PAGE(0); if (flags & FOLL_GET) get_page(page); BUG_ON(flags & FOLL_WRITE); } return page; } /* Can we do the FOLL_ANON optimization? */ static inline int use_zero_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma) { /* * We don't want to optimize FOLL_ANON for make_pages_present() * when it tries to page in a VM_LOCKED region. As to VM_SHARED, * we want to get the page from the page tables to make sure * that we serialize and update with any other user of that * mapping. */ if (vma->vm_flags & (VM_LOCKED | VM_SHARED)) return 0; /* * And if we have a fault routine, it's not an anonymous region. */ return !vma->vm_ops || !vma->vm_ops->fault; } int __get_user_pages(struct task_struct *tsk, struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long start, int nr_pages, int flags, struct page **pages, struct vm_area_struct **vmas) { int i; unsigned int vm_flags = 0; int write = !!(flags & GUP_FLAGS_WRITE); int force = !!(flags & GUP_FLAGS_FORCE); int ignore = !!(flags & GUP_FLAGS_IGNORE_VMA_PERMISSIONS); int ignore_sigkill = !!(flags & GUP_FLAGS_IGNORE_SIGKILL); if (nr_pages <= 0) return 0; /* * Require read or write permissions. * If 'force' is set, we only require the "MAY" flags. */ vm_flags = write ? (VM_WRITE | VM_MAYWRITE) : (VM_READ | VM_MAYREAD); vm_flags &= force ? (VM_MAYREAD | VM_MAYWRITE) : (VM_READ | VM_WRITE); i = 0; do { struct vm_area_struct *vma; unsigned int foll_flags; vma = find_extend_vma(mm, start); if (!vma && in_gate_area(tsk, start)) { unsigned long pg = start & PAGE_MASK; struct vm_area_struct *gate_vma = get_gate_vma(tsk); pgd_t *pgd; pud_t *pud; pmd_t *pmd; pte_t *pte; /* user gate pages are read-only */ if (!ignore && write) return i ? : -EFAULT; if (pg > TASK_SIZE) pgd = pgd_offset_k(pg); else pgd = pgd_offset_gate(mm, pg); BUG_ON(pgd_none(*pgd)); pud = pud_offset(pgd, pg); BUG_ON(pud_none(*pud)); pmd = pmd_offset(pud, pg); if (pmd_none(*pmd)) return i ? : -EFAULT; pte = pte_offset_map(pmd, pg); if (pte_none(*pte)) { pte_unmap(pte); return i ? : -EFAULT; } if (pages) { struct page *page = vm_normal_page(gate_vma, start, *pte); pages[i] = page; if (page) get_page(page); } pte_unmap(pte); if (vmas) vmas[i] = gate_vma; i++; start += PAGE_SIZE; nr_pages--; continue; } if (!vma || (vma->vm_flags & (VM_IO | VM_PFNMAP)) || (!ignore && !(vm_flags & vma->vm_flags))) return i ? : -EFAULT; if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma)) { i = follow_hugetlb_page(mm, vma, pages, vmas, &start, &nr_pages, i, write); continue; } foll_flags = FOLL_TOUCH; if (pages) foll_flags |= FOLL_GET; if (!write && use_zero_page(vma)) foll_flags |= FOLL_ANON; do { struct page *page; /* * If we have a pending SIGKILL, don't keep faulting * pages and potentially allocating memory, unless * current is handling munlock--e.g., on exit. In * that case, we are not allocating memory. Rather, * we're only unlocking already resident/mapped pages. */ if (unlikely(!ignore_sigkill && fatal_signal_pending(current))) return i ? i : -ERESTARTSYS; if (write) foll_flags |= FOLL_WRITE; cond_resched(); while (!(page = follow_page(vma, start, foll_flags))) { int ret; ret = handle_mm_fault(mm, vma, start, (foll_flags & FOLL_WRITE) ? FAULT_FLAG_WRITE : 0); if (ret & VM_FAULT_ERROR) { if (ret & VM_FAULT_OOM) return i ? i : -ENOMEM; else if (ret & VM_FAULT_SIGBUS) return i ? i : -EFAULT; BUG(); } if (ret & VM_FAULT_MAJOR) tsk->maj_flt++; else tsk->min_flt++; /* * The VM_FAULT_WRITE bit tells us that * do_wp_page has broken COW when necessary, * even if maybe_mkwrite decided not to set * pte_write. We can thus safely do subsequent * page lookups as if they were reads. But only * do so when looping for pte_write is futile: * in some cases userspace may also be wanting * to write to the gotten user page, which a * read fault here might prevent (a readonly * page might get reCOWed by userspace write). */ if ((ret & VM_FAULT_WRITE) && !(vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE)) foll_flags &= ~FOLL_WRITE; cond_resched(); } if (IS_ERR(page)) return i ? i : PTR_ERR(page); if (pages) { pages[i] = page; flush_anon_page(vma, page, start); flush_dcache_page(page); } if (vmas) vmas[i] = vma; i++; start += PAGE_SIZE; nr_pages--; } while (nr_pages && start < vma->vm_end); } while (nr_pages); return i; } /** * get_user_pages() - pin user pages in memory * @tsk: task_struct of target task * @mm: mm_struct of target mm * @start: starting user address * @nr_pages: number of pages from start to pin * @write: whether pages will be written to by the caller * @force: whether to force write access even if user mapping is * readonly. This will result in the page being COWed even * in MAP_SHARED mappings. You do not want this. * @pages: array that receives pointers to the pages pinned. * Should be at least nr_pages long. Or NULL, if caller * only intends to ensure the pages are faulted in. * @vmas: array of pointers to vmas corresponding to each page. * Or NULL if the caller does not require them. * * Returns number of pages pinned. This may be fewer than the number * requested. If nr_pages is 0 or negative, returns 0. If no pages * were pinned, returns -errno. Each page returned must be released * with a put_page() call when it is finished with. vmas will only * remain valid while mmap_sem is held. * * Must be called with mmap_sem held for read or write. * * get_user_pages walks a process's page tables and takes a reference to * each struct page that each user address corresponds to at a given * instant. That is, it takes the page that would be accessed if a user * thread accesses the given user virtual address at that instant. * * This does not guarantee that the page exists in the user mappings when * get_user_pages returns, and there may even be a completely different * page there in some cases (eg. if mmapped pagecache has been invalidated * and subsequently re faulted). However it does guarantee that the page * won't be freed completely. And mostly callers simply care that the page * contains data that was valid *at some point in time*. Typically, an IO * or similar operation cannot guarantee anything stronger anyway because * locks can't be held over the syscall boundary. * * If write=0, the page must not be written to. If the page is written to, * set_page_dirty (or set_page_dirty_lock, as appropriate) must be called * after the page is finished with, and before put_page is called. * * get_user_pages is typically used for fewer-copy IO operations, to get a * handle on the memory by some means other than accesses via the user virtual * addresses. The pages may be submitted for DMA to devices or accessed via * their kernel linear mapping (via the kmap APIs). Care should be taken to * use the correct cache flushing APIs. * * See also get_user_pages_fast, for performance critical applications. */ int get_user_pages(struct task_struct *tsk, struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long start, int nr_pages, int write, int force, struct page **pages, struct vm_area_struct **vmas) { int flags = 0; if (write) flags |= GUP_FLAGS_WRITE; if (force) flags |= GUP_FLAGS_FORCE; return __get_user_pages(tsk, mm, start, nr_pages, flags, pages, vmas); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(get_user_pages); pte_t *get_locked_pte(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr, spinlock_t **ptl) { pgd_t * pgd = pgd_offset(mm, addr); pud_t * pud = pud_alloc(mm, pgd, addr); if (pud) { pmd_t * pmd = pmd_alloc(mm, pud, addr); if (pmd) return pte_alloc_map_lock(mm, pmd, addr, ptl); } return NULL; } /* * This is the old fallback for page remapping. * * For historical reasons, it only allows reserved pages. Only * old drivers should use this, and they needed to mark their * pages reserved for the old functions anyway. */ static int insert_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr, struct page *page, pgprot_t prot) { struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm; int retval; pte_t *pte; spinlock_t *ptl; retval = -EINVAL; if (PageAnon(page)) goto out; retval = -ENOMEM; flush_dcache_page(page); pte = get_locked_pte(mm, addr, &ptl); if (!pte) goto out; retval = -EBUSY; if (!pte_none(*pte)) goto out_unlock; /* Ok, finally just insert the thing.. */ get_page(page); inc_mm_counter(mm, file_rss); page_add_file_rmap(page); set_pte_at(mm, addr, pte, mk_pte(page, prot)); retval = 0; pte_unmap_unlock(pte, ptl); return retval; out_unlock: pte_unmap_unlock(pte, ptl); out: return retval; } /** * vm_insert_page - insert single page into user vma * @vma: user vma to map to * @addr: target user address of this page * @page: source kernel page * * This allows drivers to insert individual pages they've allocated * into a user vma. * * The page has to be a nice clean _individual_ kernel allocation. * If you allocate a compound page, you need to have marked it as * such (__GFP_COMP), or manually just split the page up yourself * (see split_page()). * * NOTE! Traditionally this was done with "remap_pfn_range()" which * took an arbitrary page protection parameter. This doesn't allow * that. Your vma protection will have to be set up correctly, which * means that if you want a shared writable mapping, you'd better * ask for a shared writable mapping! * * The page does not need to be reserved. */ int vm_insert_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr, struct page *page) { if (addr < vma->vm_start || addr >= vma->vm_end) return -EFAULT; if (!page_count(page)) return -EINVAL; vma->vm_flags |= VM_INSERTPAGE; return insert_page(vma, addr, page, vma->vm_page_prot); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(vm_insert_page); static int insert_pfn(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr, unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot) { struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm; int retval; pte_t *pte, entry; spinlock_t *ptl; retval = -ENOMEM; pte = get_locked_pte(mm, addr, &ptl); if (!pte) goto out; retval = -EBUSY; if (!pte_none(*pte)) goto out_unlock; /* Ok, finally just insert the thing.. */ entry = pte_mkspecial(pfn_pte(pfn, prot)); set_pte_at(mm, addr, pte, entry); update_mmu_cache(vma, addr, entry); /* XXX: why not for insert_page? */ retval = 0; out_unlock: pte_unmap_unlock(pte, ptl); out: return retval; } /** * vm_insert_pfn - insert single pfn into user vma * @vma: user vma to map to * @addr: target user address of this page * @pfn: source kernel pfn * * Similar to vm_inert_page, this allows drivers to insert individual pages * they've allocated into a user vma. Same comments apply. * * This function should only be called from a vm_ops->fault handler, and * in that case the handler should return NULL. * * vma cannot be a COW mapping. * * As this is called only for pages that do not currently exist, we * do not need to flush old virtual caches or the TLB. */ int vm_insert_pfn(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr, unsigned long pfn) { int ret; pgprot_t pgprot = vma->vm_page_prot; /* * Technically, architectures with pte_special can avoid all these * restrictions (same for remap_pfn_range). However we would like * consistency in testing and feature parity among all, so we should * try to keep these invariants in place for everybody. */ BUG_ON(!(vma->vm_flags & (VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP))); BUG_ON((vma->vm_flags & (VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP)) == (VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP)); BUG_ON((vma->vm_flags & VM_PFNMAP) && is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags)); BUG_ON((vma->vm_flags & VM_MIXEDMAP) && pfn_valid(pfn)); if (addr < vma->vm_start || addr >= vma->vm_end) return -EFAULT; if (track_pfn_vma_new(vma, &pgprot, pfn, PAGE_SIZE)) return -EINVAL; ret = insert_pfn(vma, addr, pfn, pgprot); if (ret) untrack_pfn_vma(vma, pfn, PAGE_SIZE); return ret; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(vm_insert_pfn); int vm_insert_mixed(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr, unsigned long pfn) { BUG_ON(!(vma->vm_flags & VM_MIXEDMAP)); if (addr < vma->vm_start || addr >= vma->vm_end) return -EFAULT; /* * If we don't have pte special, then we have to use the pfn_valid() * based VM_MIXEDMAP scheme (see vm_normal_page), and thus we *must* * refcount the page if pfn_valid is true (hence insert_page rather * than insert_pfn). */ if (!HAVE_PTE_SPECIAL && pfn_valid(pfn)) { struct page *page; page = pfn_to_page(pfn); return insert_page(vma, addr, page, vma->vm_page_prot); } return insert_pfn(vma, addr, pfn, vma->vm_page_prot); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(vm_insert_mixed); /* * maps a range of physical memory into the requested pages. the old * mappings are removed. any references to nonexistent pages results * in null mappings (currently treated as "copy-on-access") */ static int remap_pte_range(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end, unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot) { pte_t *pte; spinlock_t *ptl; pte = pte_alloc_map_lock(mm, pmd, addr, &ptl); if (!pte) return -ENOMEM; arch_enter_lazy_mmu_mode(); do { BUG_ON(!pte_none(*pte)); set_pte_at(mm, addr, pte, pte_mkspecial(pfn_pte(pfn, prot))); pfn++; } while (pte++, addr += PAGE_SIZE, addr != end); arch_leave_lazy_mmu_mode(); pte_unmap_unlock(pte - 1, ptl); return 0; } static inline int remap_pmd_range(struct mm_struct *mm, pud_t *pud, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end, unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot) { pmd_t *pmd; unsigned long next; pfn -= addr >> PAGE_SHIFT; pmd = pmd_alloc(mm, pud, addr); if (!pmd) return -ENOMEM; do { next = pmd_addr_end(addr, end); if (remap_pte_range(mm, pmd, addr, next, pfn + (addr >> PAGE_SHIFT), prot)) return -ENOMEM; } while (pmd++, addr = next, addr != end); return 0; } static inline int remap_pud_range(struct mm_struct *mm, pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end, unsigned long pfn, pgprot_t prot) { pud_t *pud; unsigned long next; pfn -= addr >> PAGE_SHIFT; pud = pud_alloc(mm, pgd, addr); if (!pud) return -ENOMEM; do { next = pud_addr_end(addr, end); if (remap_pmd_range(mm, pud, addr, next, pfn + (addr >> PAGE_SHIFT), prot)) return -ENOMEM; } while (pud++, addr = next, addr != end); return 0; } /** * remap_pfn_range - remap kernel memory to userspace * @vma: user vma to map to * @addr: target user address to start at * @pfn: physical address of kernel memory * @size: size of map area * @prot: page protection flags for this mapping * * Note: this is only safe if the mm semaphore is held when called. */ int remap_pfn_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr, unsigned long pfn, unsigned long size, pgprot_t prot) { pgd_t *pgd; unsigned long next; unsigned long end = addr + PAGE_ALIGN(size); struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm; int err; /* * Physically remapped pages are special. Tell the * rest of the world about it: * VM_IO tells people not to look at these pages * (accesses can have side effects). * VM_RESERVED is specified all over the place, because * in 2.4 it kept swapout's vma scan off this vma; but * in 2.6 the LRU scan won't even find its pages, so this * flag means no more than count its pages in reserved_vm, * and omit it from core dump, even when VM_IO turned off. * VM_PFNMAP tells the core MM that the base pages are just * raw PFN mappings, and do not have a "struct page" associated * with them. * * There's a horrible special case to handle copy-on-write * behaviour that some programs depend on. We mark the "original" * un-COW'ed pages by matching them up with "vma->vm_pgoff". */ if (addr == vma->vm_start && end == vma->vm_end) { vma->vm_pgoff = pfn; vma->vm_flags |= VM_PFN_AT_MMAP; } else if (is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags)) return -EINVAL; vma->vm_flags |= VM_IO | VM_RESERVED | VM_PFNMAP; err = track_pfn_vma_new(vma, &prot, pfn, PAGE_ALIGN(size)); if (err) { /* * To indicate that track_pfn related cleanup is not * needed from higher level routine calling unmap_vmas */ vma->vm_flags &= ~(VM_IO | VM_RESERVED | VM_PFNMAP); vma->vm_flags &= ~VM_PFN_AT_MMAP; return -EINVAL; } BUG_ON(addr >= end); pfn -= addr >> PAGE_SHIFT; pgd = pgd_offset(mm, addr); flush_cache_range(vma, addr, end); do { next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end); err = remap_pud_range(mm, pgd, addr, next, pfn + (addr >> PAGE_SHIFT), prot); if (err) break; } while (pgd++, addr = next, addr != end); if (err) untrack_pfn_vma(vma, pfn, PAGE_ALIGN(size)); return err; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(remap_pfn_range); static int apply_to_pte_range(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end, pte_fn_t fn, void *data) { pte_t *pte; int err; pgtable_t token; spinlock_t *uninitialized_var(ptl); pte = (mm == &init_mm) ? pte_alloc_kernel(pmd, addr) : pte_alloc_map_lock(mm, pmd, addr, &ptl); if (!pte) return -ENOMEM; BUG_ON(pmd_huge(*pmd)); arch_enter_lazy_mmu_mode(); token = pmd_pgtable(*pmd); do { err = fn(pte, token, addr, data); if (err) break; } while (pte++, addr += PAGE_SIZE, addr != end); arch_leave_lazy_mmu_mode(); if (mm != &init_mm) pte_unmap_unlock(pte-1, ptl); return err; } static int apply_to_pmd_range(struct mm_struct *mm, pud_t *pud, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end, pte_fn_t fn, void *data) { pmd_t *pmd; unsigned long next; int err; BUG_ON(pud_huge(*pud)); pmd = pmd_alloc(mm, pud, addr); if (!pmd) return -ENOMEM; do { next = pmd_addr_end(addr, end); err = apply_to_pte_range(mm, pmd, addr, next, fn, data); if (err) break; } while (pmd++, addr = next, addr != end); return err; } static int apply_to_pud_range(struct mm_struct *mm, pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end, pte_fn_t fn, void *data) { pud_t *pud; unsigned long next; int err; pud = pud_alloc(mm, pgd, addr); if (!pud) return -ENOMEM; do { next = pud_addr_end(addr, end); err = apply_to_pmd_range(mm, pud, addr, next, fn, data); if (err) break; } while (pud++, addr = next, addr != end); return err; } /* * Scan a region of virtual memory, filling in page tables as necessary * and calling a provided function on each leaf page table. */ int apply_to_page_range(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr, unsigned long size, pte_fn_t fn, void *data) { pgd_t *pgd; unsigned long next; unsigned long start = addr, end = addr + size; int err; BUG_ON(addr >= end); mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(mm, start, end); pgd = pgd_offset(mm, addr); do { next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end); err = apply_to_pud_range(mm, pgd, addr, next, fn, data); if (err) break; } while (pgd++, addr = next, addr != end); mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(mm, start, end); return err; } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(apply_to_page_range); /* * handle_pte_fault chooses page fault handler according to an entry * which was read non-atomically. Before making any commitment, on * those architectures or configurations (e.g. i386 with PAE) which * might give a mix of unmatched parts, do_swap_page and do_file_page * must check under lock before unmapping the pte and proceeding * (but do_wp_page is only called after already making such a check; * and do_anonymous_page and do_no_page can safely check later on). */ static inline int pte_unmap_same(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t *pmd, pte_t *page_table, pte_t orig_pte) { int same = 1; #if defined(CONFIG_SMP) || defined(CONFIG_PREEMPT) if (sizeof(pte_t) > sizeof(unsigned long)) { spinlock_t *ptl = pte_lockptr(mm, pmd); spin_lock(ptl); same = pte_same(*page_table, orig_pte); spin_unlock(ptl); } #endif pte_unmap(page_table); return same; } /* * Do pte_mkwrite, but only if the vma says VM_WRITE. We do this when * servicing faults for write access. In the normal case, do always want * pte_mkwrite. But get_user_pages can cause write faults for mappings * that do not have writing enabled, when used by access_process_vm. */ static inline pte_t maybe_mkwrite(pte_t pte, struct vm_area_struct *vma) { if (likely(vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE)) pte = pte_mkwrite(pte); return pte; } static inline void cow_user_page(struct page *dst, struct page *src, unsigned long va, struct vm_area_struct *vma) { /* * If the source page was a PFN mapping, we don't have * a "struct page" for it. We do a best-effort copy by * just copying from the original user address. If that * fails, we just zero-fill it. Live with it. */ if (unlikely(!src)) { void *kaddr = kmap_atomic(dst, KM_USER0); void __user *uaddr = (void __user *)(va & PAGE_MASK); /* * This really shouldn't fail, because the page is there * in the page tables. But it might just be unreadable, * in which case we just give up and fill the result with * zeroes. */ if (__copy_from_user_inatomic(kaddr, uaddr, PAGE_SIZE)) memset(kaddr, 0, PAGE_SIZE); kunmap_atomic(kaddr, KM_USER0); flush_dcache_page(dst); } else copy_user_highpage(dst, src, va, vma); } /* * This routine handles present pages, when users try to write * to a shared page. It is done by copying the page to a new address * and decrementing the shared-page counter for the old page. * * Note that this routine assumes that the protection checks have been * done by the caller (the low-level page fault routine in most cases). * Thus we can safely just mark it writable once we've done any necessary * COW. * * We also mark the page dirty at this point even though the page will * change only once the write actually happens. This avoids a few races, * and potentially makes it more efficient. * * We enter with non-exclusive mmap_sem (to exclude vma changes, * but allow concurrent faults), with pte both mapped and locked. * We return with mmap_sem still held, but pte unmapped and unlocked. */ static int do_wp_page(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address, pte_t *page_table, pmd_t *pmd, spinlock_t *ptl, pte_t orig_pte) { struct page *old_page, *new_page; pte_t entry; int reuse = 0, ret = 0; int page_mkwrite = 0; struct page *dirty_page = NULL; old_page = vm_normal_page(vma, address, orig_pte); if (!old_page) { /* * VM_MIXEDMAP !pfn_valid() case * * We should not cow pages in a shared writeable mapping. * Just mark the pages writable as we can't do any dirty * accounting on raw pfn maps. */ if ((vma->vm_flags & (VM_WRITE|VM_SHARED)) == (VM_WRITE|VM_SHARED)) goto reuse; goto gotten; } /* * Take out anonymous pages first, anonymous shared vmas are * not dirty accountable. */ if (PageAnon(old_page)) { if (!trylock_page(old_page)) { page_cache_get(old_page); pte_unmap_unlock(page_table, ptl); lock_page(old_page); page_table = pte_offset_map_lock(mm, pmd, address, &ptl); if (!pte_same(*page_table, orig_pte)) { unlock_page(old_page); page_cache_release(old_page); goto unlock; } page_cache_release(old_page); } reuse = reuse_swap_page(old_page); unlock_page(old_page); } else if (unlikely((vma->vm_flags & (VM_WRITE|VM_SHARED)) == (VM_WRITE|VM_SHARED))) { /* * Only catch write-faults on shared writable pages, * read-only shared pages can get COWed by * get_user_pages(.write=1, .force=1). */ if (vma->vm_ops && vma->vm_ops->page_mkwrite) { struct vm_fault vmf; int tmp; vmf.virtual_address = (void __user *)(address & PAGE_MASK); vmf.pgoff = old_page->index; vmf.flags = FAULT_FLAG_WRITE|FAULT_FLAG_MKWRITE; vmf.page = old_page; /* * Notify the address space that the page is about to * become writable so that it can prohibit this or wait * for the page to get into an appropriate state. * * We do this without the lock held, so that it can * sleep if it needs to. */ page_cache_get(old_page); pte_unmap_unlock(page_table, ptl); tmp = vma->vm_ops->page_mkwrite(vma, &vmf); if (unlikely(tmp & (VM_FAULT_ERROR | VM_FAULT_NOPAGE))) { ret = tmp; goto unwritable_page; } if (unlikely(!(tmp & VM_FAULT_LOCKED))) { lock_page(old_page); if (!old_page->mapping) { ret = 0; /* retry the fault */ unlock_page(old_page); goto unwritable_page; } } else VM_BUG_ON(!PageLocked(old_page)); /* * Since we dropped the lock we need to revalidate * the PTE as someone else may have changed it. If * they did, we just return, as we can count on the * MMU to tell us if they didn't also make it writable. */ page_table = pte_offset_map_lock(mm, pmd, address, &ptl); if (!pte_same(*page_table, orig_pte)) { unlock_page(old_page); page_cache_release(old_page); goto unlock; } page_mkwrite = 1; } dirty_page = old_page; get_page(dirty_page); reuse = 1; } if (reuse) { reuse: flush_cache_page(vma, address, pte_pfn(orig_pte)); entry = pte_mkyoung(orig_pte); entry = maybe_mkwrite(pte_mkdirty(entry), vma); if (ptep_set_access_flags(vma, address, page_table, entry,1)) update_mmu_cache(vma, address, entry); ret |= VM_FAULT_WRITE; goto unlock; } /* * Ok, we need to copy. Oh, well.. */ page_cache_get(old_page); gotten: pte_unmap_unlock(page_table, ptl); if (unlikely(anon_vma_prepare(vma))) goto oom; VM_BUG_ON(old_page == ZERO_PAGE(0)); new_page = alloc_page_vma(GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE, vma, address); if (!new_page) goto oom; /* * Don't let another task, with possibly unlocked vma, * keep the mlocked page. */ if ((vma->vm_flags & VM_LOCKED) && old_page) { lock_page(old_page); /* for LRU manipulation */ clear_page_mlock(old_page); unlock_page(old_page); } cow_user_page(new_page, old_page, address, vma); __SetPageUptodate(new_page); if (mem_cgroup_newpage_charge(new_page, mm, GFP_KERNEL)) goto oom_free_new; /* * Re-check the pte - we dropped the lock */ page_table = pte_offset_map_lock(mm, pmd, address, &ptl); if (likely(pte_same(*page_table, orig_pte))) { if (old_page) { if (!PageAnon(old_page)) { dec_mm_counter(mm, file_rss); inc_mm_counter(mm, anon_rss); } } else inc_mm_counter(mm, anon_rss); flush_cache_page(vma, address, pte_pfn(orig_pte)); entry = mk_pte(new_page, vma->vm_page_prot); entry = maybe_mkwrite(pte_mkdirty(entry), vma); /* * Clear the pte entry and flush it first, before updating the * pte with the new entry. This will avoid a race condition * seen in the presence of one thread doing SMC and another * thread doing COW. */ ptep_clear_flush_notify(vma, address, page_table); page_add_new_anon_rmap(new_page, vma, address); set_pte_at(mm, address, page_table, entry); update_mmu_cache(vma, address, entry); if (old_page) { /* * Only after switching the pte to the new page may * we remove the mapcount here. Otherwise another * process may come and find the rmap count decremented * before the pte is switched to the new page, and * "reuse" the old page writing into it while our pte * here still points into it and can be read by other * threads. * * The critical issue is to order this * page_remove_rmap with the ptp_clear_flush above. * Those stores are ordered by (if nothing else,) * the barrier present in the atomic_add_negative * in page_remove_rmap. * * Then the TLB flush in ptep_clear_flush ensures that * no process can access the old page before the * decremented mapcount is visible. And the old page * cannot be reused until after the decremented * mapcount is visible. So transitively, TLBs to * old page will be flushed before it can be reused. */ page_remove_rmap(old_page); } /* Free the old page.. */ new_page = old_page; ret |= VM_FAULT_WRITE; } else mem_cgroup_uncharge_page(new_page); if (new_page) page_cache_release(new_page); if (old_page) page_cache_release(old_page); unlock: pte_unmap_unlock(page_table, ptl); if (dirty_page) { /* * Yes, Virginia, this is actually required to prevent a race * with clear_page_dirty_for_io() from clearing the page dirty * bit after it clear all dirty ptes, but before a racing * do_wp_page installs a dirty pte. * * do_no_page is protected similarly. */ if (!page_mkwrite) { wait_on_page_locked(dirty_page); set_page_dirty_balance(dirty_page, page_mkwrite); } put_page(dirty_page); if (page_mkwrite) { struct address_space *mapping = dirty_page->mapping; set_page_dirty(dirty_page); unlock_page(dirty_page); page_cache_release(dirty_page); if (mapping) { /* * Some device drivers do not set page.mapping * but still dirty their pages */ balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited(mapping); } } /* file_update_time outside page_lock */ if (vma->vm_file) file_update_time(vma->vm_file); } return ret; oom_free_new: page_cache_release(new_page); oom: if (old_page) { if (page_mkwrite) { unlock_page(old_page); page_cache_release(old_page); } page_cache_release(old_page); } return VM_FAULT_OOM; unwritable_page: page_cache_release(old_page); return ret; } /* * Helper functions for unmap_mapping_range(). * * __ Notes on dropping i_mmap_lock to reduce latency while unmapping __ * * We have to restart searching the prio_tree whenever we drop the lock, * since the iterator is only valid while the lock is held, and anyway * a later vma might be split and reinserted earlier while lock dropped. * * The list of nonlinear vmas could be handled more efficiently, using * a placeholder, but handle it in the same way until a need is shown. * It is important to search the prio_tree before nonlinear list: a vma * may become nonlinear and be shifted from prio_tree to nonlinear list * while the lock is dropped; but never shifted from list to prio_tree. * * In order to make forward progress despite restarting the search, * vm_truncate_count is used to mark a vma as now dealt with, so we can * quickly skip it next time around. Since the prio_tree search only * shows us those vmas affected by unmapping the range in question, we * can't efficiently keep all vmas in step with mapping->truncate_count: * so instead reset them all whenever it wraps back to 0 (then go to 1). * mapping->truncate_count and vma->vm_truncate_count are protected by * i_mmap_lock. * * In order to make forward progress despite repeatedly restarting some * large vma, note the restart_addr from unmap_vmas when it breaks out: * and restart from that address when we reach that vma again. It might * have been split or merged, shrunk or extended, but never shifted: so * restart_addr remains valid so long as it remains in the vma's range. * unmap_mapping_range forces truncate_count to leap over page-aligned * values so we can save vma's restart_addr in its truncate_count field. */ #define is_restart_addr(truncate_count) (!((truncate_count) & ~PAGE_MASK)) static void reset_vma_truncate_counts(struct address_space *mapping) { struct vm_area_struct *vma; struct prio_tree_iter iter; vma_prio_tree_foreach(vma, &iter, &mapping->i_mmap, 0, ULONG_MAX) vma->vm_truncate_count = 0; list_for_each_entry(vma, &mapping->i_mmap_nonlinear, shared.vm_set.list) vma->vm_truncate_count = 0; } static int unmap_mapping_range_vma(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long start_addr, unsigned long end_addr, struct zap_details *details) { unsigned long restart_addr; int need_break; /* * files that support invalidating or truncating portions of the * file from under mmaped areas must have their ->fault function * return a locked page (and set VM_FAULT_LOCKED in the return). * This provides synchronisation against concurrent unmapping here. */ again: restart_addr = vma->vm_truncate_count; if (is_restart_addr(restart_addr) && start_addr < restart_addr) { start_addr = restart_addr; if (start_addr >= end_addr) { /* Top of vma has been split off since last time */ vma->vm_truncate_count = details->truncate_count; return 0; } } restart_addr = zap_page_range(vma, start_addr, end_addr - start_addr, details); need_break = need_resched() || spin_needbreak(details->i_mmap_lock); if (restart_addr >= end_addr) { /* We have now completed this vma: mark it so */ vma->vm_truncate_count = details->truncate_count; if (!need_break) return 0; } else { /* Note restart_addr in vma's truncate_count field */ vma->vm_truncate_count = restart_addr; if (!need_break) goto again; } spin_unlock(details->i_mmap_lock); cond_resched(); spin_lock(details->i_mmap_lock); return -EINTR; } static inline void unmap_mapping_range_tree(struct prio_tree_root *root, struct zap_details *details) { struct vm_area_struct *vma; struct prio_tree_iter iter; pgoff_t vba, vea, zba, zea; restart: vma_prio_tree_foreach(vma, &iter, root, details->first_index, details->last_index) { /* Skip quickly over those we have already dealt with */ if (vma->vm_truncate_count == details->truncate_count) continue; vba = vma->vm_pgoff; vea = vba + ((vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT) - 1; /* Assume for now that PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT == PAGE_SHIFT */ zba = details->first_index; if (zba < vba) zba = vba; zea = details->last_index; if (zea > vea) zea = vea; if (unmap_mapping_range_vma(vma, ((zba - vba) << PAGE_SHIFT) + vma->vm_start, ((zea - vba + 1) << PAGE_SHIFT) + vma->vm_start, details) < 0) goto restart; } } static inline void unmap_mapping_range_list(struct list_head *head, struct zap_details *details) { struct vm_area_struct *vma; /* * In nonlinear VMAs there is no correspondence between virtual address * offset and file offset. So we must perform an exhaustive search * across *all* the pages in each nonlinear VMA, not just the pages * whose virtual address lies outside the file truncation point. */ restart: list_for_each_entry(vma, head, shared.vm_set.list) { /* Skip quickly over those we have already dealt with */ if (vma->vm_truncate_count == details->truncate_count) continue; details->nonlinear_vma = vma; if (unmap_mapping_range_vma(vma, vma->vm_start, vma->vm_end, details) < 0) goto restart; } } /** * unmap_mapping_range - unmap the portion of all mmaps in the specified address_space corresponding to the specified page range in the underlying file. * @mapping: the address space containing mmaps to be unmapped. * @holebegin: byte in first page to unmap, relative to the start of * the underlying file. This will be rounded down to a PAGE_SIZE * boundary. Note that this is different from vmtruncate(), which * must keep the partial page. In contrast, we must get rid of * partial pages. * @holelen: size of prospective hole in bytes. This will be rounded * up to a PAGE_SIZE boundary. A holelen of zero truncates to the * end of the file. * @even_cows: 1 when truncating a file, unmap even private COWed pages; * but 0 when invalidating pagecache, don't throw away private data. */ void unmap_mapping_range(struct address_space *mapping, loff_t const holebegin, loff_t const holelen, int even_cows) { struct zap_details details; pgoff_t hba = holebegin >> PAGE_SHIFT; pgoff_t hlen = (holelen + PAGE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT; /* Check for overflow. */ if (sizeof(holelen) > sizeof(hlen)) { long long holeend = (holebegin + holelen + PAGE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT; if (holeend & ~(long long)ULONG_MAX) hlen = ULONG_MAX - hba + 1; } details.check_mapping = even_cows? NULL: mapping; details.nonlinear_vma = NULL; details.first_index = hba; details.last_index = hba + hlen - 1; if (details.last_index < details.first_index) details.last_index = ULONG_MAX; details.i_mmap_lock = &mapping->i_mmap_lock; spin_lock(&mapping->i_mmap_lock); /* Protect against endless unmapping loops */ mapping->truncate_count++; if (unlikely(is_restart_addr(mapping->truncate_count))) { if (mapping->truncate_count == 0) reset_vma_truncate_counts(mapping); mapping->truncate_count++; } details.truncate_count = mapping->truncate_count; if (unlikely(!prio_tree_empty(&mapping->i_mmap))) unmap_mapping_range_tree(&mapping->i_mmap, &details); if (unlikely(!list_empty(&mapping->i_mmap_nonlinear))) unmap_mapping_range_list(&mapping->i_mmap_nonlinear, &details); spin_unlock(&mapping->i_mmap_lock); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(unmap_mapping_range); /** * vmtruncate - unmap mappings "freed" by truncate() syscall * @inode: inode of the file used * @offset: file offset to start truncating * * NOTE! We have to be ready to update the memory sharing * between the file and the memory map for a potential last * incomplete page. Ugly, but necessary. */ int vmtruncate(struct inode * inode, loff_t offset) { if (inode->i_size < offset) { unsigned long limit; limit = current->signal->rlim[RLIMIT_FSIZE].rlim_cur; if (limit != RLIM_INFINITY && offset > limit) goto out_sig; if (offset > inode->i_sb->s_maxbytes) goto out_big; i_size_write(inode, offset); } else { struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping; /* * truncation of in-use swapfiles is disallowed - it would * cause subsequent swapout to scribble on the now-freed * blocks. */ if (IS_SWAPFILE(inode)) return -ETXTBSY; i_size_write(inode, offset); /* * unmap_mapping_range is called twice, first simply for * efficiency so that truncate_inode_pages does fewer * single-page unmaps. However after this first call, and * before truncate_inode_pages finishes, it is possible for * private pages to be COWed, which remain after * truncate_inode_pages finishes, hence the second * unmap_mapping_range call must be made for correctness. */ unmap_mapping_range(mapping, offset + PAGE_SIZE - 1, 0, 1); truncate_inode_pages(mapping, offset); unmap_mapping_range(mapping, offset + PAGE_SIZE - 1, 0, 1); } if (inode->i_op->truncate) inode->i_op->truncate(inode); return 0; out_sig: send_sig(SIGXFSZ, current, 0); out_big: return -EFBIG; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(vmtruncate); int vmtruncate_range(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset, loff_t end) { struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping; /* * If the underlying filesystem is not going to provide * a way to truncate a range of blocks (punch a hole) - * we should return failure right now. */ if (!inode->i_op->truncate_range) return -ENOSYS; mutex_lock(&inode->i_mutex); down_write(&inode->i_alloc_sem); unmap_mapping_range(mapping, offset, (end - offset), 1); truncate_inode_pages_range(mapping, offset, end); unmap_mapping_range(mapping, offset, (end - offset), 1); inode->i_op->truncate_range(inode, offset, end); up_write(&inode->i_alloc_sem); mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex); return 0; } /* * We enter with non-exclusive mmap_sem (to exclude vma changes, * but allow concurrent faults), and pte mapped but not yet locked. * We return with mmap_sem still held, but pte unmapped and unlocked. */ static int do_swap_page(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address, pte_t *page_table, pmd_t *pmd, unsigned int flags, pte_t orig_pte) { spinlock_t *ptl; struct page *page; swp_entry_t entry; pte_t pte; struct mem_cgroup *ptr = NULL; int ret = 0; if (!pte_unmap_same(mm, pmd, page_table, orig_pte)) goto out; entry = pte_to_swp_entry(orig_pte); if (is_migration_entry(entry)) { migration_entry_wait(mm, pmd, address); goto out; } delayacct_set_flag(DELAYACCT_PF_SWAPIN); page = lookup_swap_cache(entry); if (!page) { grab_swap_token(mm); /* Contend for token _before_ read-in */ page = swapin_readahead(entry, GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE, vma, address); if (!page) { /* * Back out if somebody else faulted in this pte * while we released the pte lock. */ page_table = pte_offset_map_lock(mm, pmd, address, &ptl); if (likely(pte_same(*page_table, orig_pte))) ret = VM_FAULT_OOM; delayacct_clear_flag(DELAYACCT_PF_SWAPIN); goto unlock; } /* Had to read the page from swap area: Major fault */ ret = VM_FAULT_MAJOR; count_vm_event(PGMAJFAULT); } lock_page(page); delayacct_clear_flag(DELAYACCT_PF_SWAPIN); if (mem_cgroup_try_charge_swapin(mm, page, GFP_KERNEL, &ptr)) { ret = VM_FAULT_OOM; goto out_page; } /* * Back out if somebody else already faulted in this pte. */ page_table = pte_offset_map_lock(mm, pmd, address, &ptl); if (unlikely(!pte_same(*page_table, orig_pte))) goto out_nomap; if (unlikely(!PageUptodate(page))) { ret = VM_FAULT_SIGBUS; goto out_nomap; } /* * The page isn't present yet, go ahead with the fault. * * Be careful about the sequence of operations here. * To get its accounting right, reuse_swap_page() must be called * while the page is counted on swap but not yet in mapcount i.e. * before page_add_anon_rmap() and swap_free(); try_to_free_swap() * must be called after the swap_free(), or it will never succeed. * Because delete_from_swap_page() may be called by reuse_swap_page(), * mem_cgroup_commit_charge_swapin() may not be able to find swp_entry * in page->private. In this case, a record in swap_cgroup is silently * discarded at swap_free(). */ inc_mm_counter(mm, anon_rss); pte = mk_pte(page, vma->vm_page_prot); if ((flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE) && reuse_swap_page(page)) { pte = maybe_mkwrite(pte_mkdirty(pte), vma); flags &= ~FAULT_FLAG_WRITE; } flush_icache_page(vma, page); set_pte_at(mm, address, page_table, pte); page_add_anon_rmap(page, vma, address); /* It's better to call commit-charge after rmap is established */ mem_cgroup_commit_charge_swapin(page, ptr); swap_free(entry); if (vm_swap_full() || (vma->vm_flags & VM_LOCKED) || PageMlocked(page)) try_to_free_swap(page); unlock_page(page); if (flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE) { ret |= do_wp_page(mm, vma, address, page_table, pmd, ptl, pte); if (ret & VM_FAULT_ERROR) ret &= VM_FAULT_ERROR; goto out; } /* No need to invalidate - it was non-present before */ update_mmu_cache(vma, address, pte); unlock: pte_unmap_unlock(page_table, ptl); out: return ret; out_nomap: mem_cgroup_cancel_charge_swapin(ptr); pte_unmap_unlock(page_table, ptl); out_page: unlock_page(page); page_cache_release(page); return ret; } /* * We enter with non-exclusive mmap_sem (to exclude vma changes, * but allow concurrent faults), and pte mapped but not yet locked. * We return with mmap_sem still held, but pte unmapped and unlocked. */ static int do_anonymous_page(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address, pte_t *page_table, pmd_t *pmd, unsigned int flags) { struct page *page; spinlock_t *ptl; pte_t entry; /* Allocate our own private page. */ pte_unmap(page_table); if (unlikely(anon_vma_prepare(vma))) goto oom; page = alloc_zeroed_user_highpage_movable(vma, address); if (!page) goto oom; __SetPageUptodate(page); if (mem_cgroup_newpage_charge(page, mm, GFP_KERNEL)) goto oom_free_page; entry = mk_pte(page, vma->vm_page_prot); entry = maybe_mkwrite(pte_mkdirty(entry), vma); page_table = pte_offset_map_lock(mm, pmd, address, &ptl); if (!pte_none(*page_table)) goto release; inc_mm_counter(mm, anon_rss); page_add_new_anon_rmap(page, vma, address); set_pte_at(mm, address, page_table, entry); /* No need to invalidate - it was non-present before */ update_mmu_cache(vma, address, entry); unlock: pte_unmap_unlock(page_table, ptl); return 0; release: mem_cgroup_uncharge_page(page); page_cache_release(page); goto unlock; oom_free_page: page_cache_release(page); oom: return VM_FAULT_OOM; } /* * __do_fault() tries to create a new page mapping. It aggressively * tries to share with existing pages, but makes a separate copy if * the FAULT_FLAG_WRITE is set in the flags parameter in order to avoid * the next page fault. * * As this is called only for pages that do not currently exist, we * do not need to flush old virtual caches or the TLB. * * We enter with non-exclusive mmap_sem (to exclude vma changes, * but allow concurrent faults), and pte neither mapped nor locked. * We return with mmap_sem still held, but pte unmapped and unlocked. */ static int __do_fault(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address, pmd_t *pmd, pgoff_t pgoff, unsigned int flags, pte_t orig_pte) { pte_t *page_table; spinlock_t *ptl; struct page *page; pte_t entry; int anon = 0; int charged = 0; struct page *dirty_page = NULL; struct vm_fault vmf; int ret; int page_mkwrite = 0; vmf.virtual_address = (void __user *)(address & PAGE_MASK); vmf.pgoff = pgoff; vmf.flags = flags; vmf.page = NULL; ret = vma->vm_ops->fault(vma, &vmf); if (unlikely(ret & (VM_FAULT_ERROR | VM_FAULT_NOPAGE))) return ret; /* * For consistency in subsequent calls, make the faulted page always * locked. */ if (unlikely(!(ret & VM_FAULT_LOCKED))) lock_page(vmf.page); else VM_BUG_ON(!PageLocked(vmf.page)); /* * Should we do an early C-O-W break? */ page = vmf.page; if (flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE) { if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED)) { anon = 1; if (unlikely(anon_vma_prepare(vma))) { ret = VM_FAULT_OOM; goto out; } page = alloc_page_vma(GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE, vma, address); if (!page) { ret = VM_FAULT_OOM; goto out; } if (mem_cgroup_newpage_charge(page, mm, GFP_KERNEL)) { ret = VM_FAULT_OOM; page_cache_release(page); goto out; } charged = 1; /* * Don't let another task, with possibly unlocked vma, * keep the mlocked page. */ if (vma->vm_flags & VM_LOCKED) clear_page_mlock(vmf.page); copy_user_highpage(page, vmf.page, address, vma); __SetPageUptodate(page); } else { /* * If the page will be shareable, see if the backing * address space wants to know that the page is about * to become writable */ if (vma->vm_ops->page_mkwrite) { int tmp; unlock_page(page); vmf.flags = FAULT_FLAG_WRITE|FAULT_FLAG_MKWRITE; tmp = vma->vm_ops->page_mkwrite(vma, &vmf); if (unlikely(tmp & (VM_FAULT_ERROR | VM_FAULT_NOPAGE))) { ret = tmp; goto unwritable_page; } if (unlikely(!(tmp & VM_FAULT_LOCKED))) { lock_page(page); if (!page->mapping) { ret = 0; /* retry the fault */ unlock_page(page); goto unwritable_page; } } else VM_BUG_ON(!PageLocked(page)); page_mkwrite = 1; } } } page_table = pte_offset_map_lock(mm, pmd, address, &ptl); /* * This silly early PAGE_DIRTY setting removes a race * due to the bad i386 page protection. But it's valid * for other architectures too. * * Note that if FAULT_FLAG_WRITE is set, we either now have * an exclusive copy of the page, or this is a shared mapping, * so we can make it writable and dirty to avoid having to * handle that later. */ /* Only go through if we didn't race with anybody else... */ if (likely(pte_same(*page_table, orig_pte))) { flush_icache_page(vma, page); entry = mk_pte(page, vma->vm_page_prot); if (flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE) entry = maybe_mkwrite(pte_mkdirty(entry), vma); if (anon) { inc_mm_counter(mm, anon_rss); page_add_new_anon_rmap(page, vma, address); } else { inc_mm_counter(mm, file_rss); page_add_file_rmap(page); if (flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE) { dirty_page = page; get_page(dirty_page); } } set_pte_at(mm, address, page_table, entry); /* no need to invalidate: a not-present page won't be cached */ update_mmu_cache(vma, address, entry); } else { if (charged) mem_cgroup_uncharge_page(page); if (anon) page_cache_release(page); else anon = 1; /* no anon but release faulted_page */ } pte_unmap_unlock(page_table, ptl); out: if (dirty_page) { struct address_space *mapping = page->mapping; if (set_page_dirty(dirty_page)) page_mkwrite = 1; unlock_page(dirty_page); put_page(dirty_page); if (page_mkwrite && mapping) { /* * Some device drivers do not set page.mapping but still * dirty their pages */ balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited(mapping); } /* file_update_time outside page_lock */ if (vma->vm_file) file_update_time(vma->vm_file); } else { unlock_page(vmf.page); if (anon) page_cache_release(vmf.page); } return ret; unwritable_page: page_cache_release(page); return ret; } static int do_linear_fault(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address, pte_t *page_table, pmd_t *pmd, unsigned int flags, pte_t orig_pte) { pgoff_t pgoff = (((address & PAGE_MASK) - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT) + vma->vm_pgoff; pte_unmap(page_table); return __do_fault(mm, vma, address, pmd, pgoff, flags, orig_pte); } /* * Fault of a previously existing named mapping. Repopulate the pte * from the encoded file_pte if possible. This enables swappable * nonlinear vmas. * * We enter with non-exclusive mmap_sem (to exclude vma changes, * but allow concurrent faults), and pte mapped but not yet locked. * We return with mmap_sem still held, but pte unmapped and unlocked. */ static int do_nonlinear_fault(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address, pte_t *page_table, pmd_t *pmd, unsigned int flags, pte_t orig_pte) { pgoff_t pgoff; flags |= FAULT_FLAG_NONLINEAR; if (!pte_unmap_same(mm, pmd, page_table, orig_pte)) return 0; if (unlikely(!(vma->vm_flags & VM_NONLINEAR))) { /* * Page table corrupted: show pte and kill process. */ print_bad_pte(vma, address, orig_pte, NULL); return VM_FAULT_OOM; } pgoff = pte_to_pgoff(orig_pte); return __do_fault(mm, vma, address, pmd, pgoff, flags, orig_pte); } /* * These routines also need to handle stuff like marking pages dirty * and/or accessed for architectures that don't do it in hardware (most * RISC architectures). The early dirtying is also good on the i386. * * There is also a hook called "update_mmu_cache()" that architectures * with external mmu caches can use to update those (ie the Sparc or * PowerPC hashed page tables that act as extended TLBs). * * We enter with non-exclusive mmap_sem (to exclude vma changes, * but allow concurrent faults), and pte mapped but not yet locked. * We return with mmap_sem still held, but pte unmapped and unlocked. */ static inline int handle_pte_fault(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address, pte_t *pte, pmd_t *pmd, unsigned int flags) { pte_t entry; spinlock_t *ptl; entry = *pte; if (!pte_present(entry)) { if (pte_none(entry)) { if (vma->vm_ops) { if (likely(vma->vm_ops->fault)) return do_linear_fault(mm, vma, address, pte, pmd, flags, entry); } return do_anonymous_page(mm, vma, address, pte, pmd, flags); } if (pte_file(entry)) return do_nonlinear_fault(mm, vma, address, pte, pmd, flags, entry); return do_swap_page(mm, vma, address, pte, pmd, flags, entry); } ptl = pte_lockptr(mm, pmd); spin_lock(ptl); if (unlikely(!pte_same(*pte, entry))) goto unlock; if (flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE) { if (!pte_write(entry)) return do_wp_page(mm, vma, address, pte, pmd, ptl, entry); entry = pte_mkdirty(entry); } entry = pte_mkyoung(entry); if (ptep_set_access_flags(vma, address, pte, entry, flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE)) { update_mmu_cache(vma, address, entry); } else { /* * This is needed only for protection faults but the arch code * is not yet telling us if this is a protection fault or not. * This still avoids useless tlb flushes for .text page faults * with threads. */ if (flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE) flush_tlb_page(vma, address); } unlock: pte_unmap_unlock(pte, ptl); return 0; } /* * By the time we get here, we already hold the mm semaphore */ int handle_mm_fault(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address, unsigned int flags) { pgd_t *pgd; pud_t *pud; pmd_t *pmd; pte_t *pte; __set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING); count_vm_event(PGFAULT); if (unlikely(is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma))) return hugetlb_fault(mm, vma, address, flags); pgd = pgd_offset(mm, address); pud = pud_alloc(mm, pgd, address); if (!pud) return VM_FAULT_OOM; pmd = pmd_alloc(mm, pud, address); if (!pmd) return VM_FAULT_OOM; pte = pte_alloc_map(mm, pmd, address); if (!pte) return VM_FAULT_OOM; return handle_pte_fault(mm, vma, address, pte, pmd, flags); } #ifndef __PAGETABLE_PUD_FOLDED /* * Allocate page upper directory. * We've already handled the fast-path in-line. */ int __pud_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long address) { pud_t *new = pud_alloc_one(mm, address); if (!new) return -ENOMEM; smp_wmb(); /* See comment in __pte_alloc */ spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock); if (pgd_present(*pgd)) /* Another has populated it */ pud_free(mm, new); else pgd_populate(mm, pgd, new); spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock); return 0; } #endif /* __PAGETABLE_PUD_FOLDED */ #ifndef __PAGETABLE_PMD_FOLDED /* * Allocate page middle directory. * We've already handled the fast-path in-line. */ int __pmd_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, pud_t *pud, unsigned long address) { pmd_t *new = pmd_alloc_one(mm, address); if (!new) return -ENOMEM; smp_wmb(); /* See comment in __pte_alloc */ spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock); #ifndef __ARCH_HAS_4LEVEL_HACK if (pud_present(*pud)) /* Another has populated it */ pmd_free(mm, new); else pud_populate(mm, pud, new); #else if (pgd_present(*pud)) /* Another has populated it */ pmd_free(mm, new); else pgd_populate(mm, pud, new); #endif /* __ARCH_HAS_4LEVEL_HACK */ spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock); return 0; } #endif /* __PAGETABLE_PMD_FOLDED */ int make_pages_present(unsigned long addr, unsigned long end) { int ret, len, write; struct vm_area_struct * vma; vma = find_vma(current->mm, addr); if (!vma) return -ENOMEM; write = (vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE) != 0; BUG_ON(addr >= end); BUG_ON(end > vma->vm_end); len = DIV_ROUND_UP(end, PAGE_SIZE) - addr/PAGE_SIZE; ret = get_user_pages(current, current->mm, addr, len, write, 0, NULL, NULL); if (ret < 0) return ret; return ret == len ? 0 : -EFAULT; } #if !defined(__HAVE_ARCH_GATE_AREA) #if defined(AT_SYSINFO_EHDR) static struct vm_area_struct gate_vma; static int __init gate_vma_init(void) { gate_vma.vm_mm = NULL; gate_vma.vm_start = FIXADDR_USER_START; gate_vma.vm_end = FIXADDR_USER_END; gate_vma.vm_flags = VM_READ | VM_MAYREAD | VM_EXEC | VM_MAYEXEC; gate_vma.vm_page_prot = __P101; /* * Make sure the vDSO gets into every core dump. * Dumping its contents makes post-mortem fully interpretable later * without matching up the same kernel and hardware config to see * what PC values meant. */ gate_vma.vm_flags |= VM_ALWAYSDUMP; return 0; } __initcall(gate_vma_init); #endif struct vm_area_struct *get_gate_vma(struct task_struct *tsk) { #ifdef AT_SYSINFO_EHDR return &gate_vma; #else return NULL; #endif } int in_gate_area_no_task(unsigned long addr) { #ifdef AT_SYSINFO_EHDR if ((addr >= FIXADDR_USER_START) && (addr < FIXADDR_USER_END)) return 1; #endif return 0; } #endif /* __HAVE_ARCH_GATE_AREA */ static int follow_pte(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long address, pte_t **ptepp, spinlock_t **ptlp) { pgd_t *pgd; pud_t *pud; pmd_t *pmd; pte_t *ptep; pgd = pgd_offset(mm, address); if (pgd_none(*pgd) || unlikely(pgd_bad(*pgd))) goto out; pud = pud_offset(pgd, address); if (pud_none(*pud) || unlikely(pud_bad(*pud))) goto out; pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address); if (pmd_none(*pmd) || unlikely(pmd_bad(*pmd))) goto out; /* We cannot handle huge page PFN maps. Luckily they don't exist. */ if (pmd_huge(*pmd)) goto out; ptep = pte_offset_map_lock(mm, pmd, address, ptlp); if (!ptep) goto out; if (!pte_present(*ptep)) goto unlock; *ptepp = ptep; return 0; unlock: pte_unmap_unlock(ptep, *ptlp); out: return -EINVAL; } /** * follow_pfn - look up PFN at a user virtual address * @vma: memory mapping * @address: user virtual address * @pfn: location to store found PFN * * Only IO mappings and raw PFN mappings are allowed. * * Returns zero and the pfn at @pfn on success, -ve otherwise. */ int follow_pfn(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address, unsigned long *pfn) { int ret = -EINVAL; spinlock_t *ptl; pte_t *ptep; if (!(vma->vm_flags & (VM_IO | VM_PFNMAP))) return ret; ret = follow_pte(vma->vm_mm, address, &ptep, &ptl); if (ret) return ret; *pfn = pte_pfn(*ptep); pte_unmap_unlock(ptep, ptl); return 0; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(follow_pfn); #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_IOREMAP_PROT int follow_phys(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address, unsigned int flags, unsigned long *prot, resource_size_t *phys) { int ret = -EINVAL; pte_t *ptep, pte; spinlock_t *ptl; if (!(vma->vm_flags & (VM_IO | VM_PFNMAP))) goto out; if (follow_pte(vma->vm_mm, address, &ptep, &ptl)) goto out; pte = *ptep; if ((flags & FOLL_WRITE) && !pte_write(pte)) goto unlock; *prot = pgprot_val(pte_pgprot(pte)); *phys = (resource_size_t)pte_pfn(pte) << PAGE_SHIFT; ret = 0; unlock: pte_unmap_unlock(ptep, ptl); out: return ret; } int generic_access_phys(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr, void *buf, int len, int write) { resource_size_t phys_addr; unsigned long prot = 0; void __iomem *maddr; int offset = addr & (PAGE_SIZE-1); if (follow_phys(vma, addr, write, &prot, &phys_addr)) return -EINVAL; maddr = ioremap_prot(phys_addr, PAGE_SIZE, prot); if (write) memcpy_toio(maddr + offset, buf, len); else memcpy_fromio(buf, maddr + offset, len); iounmap(maddr); return len; } #endif /* * Access another process' address space. * Source/target buffer must be kernel space, * Do not walk the page table directly, use get_user_pages */ int access_process_vm(struct task_struct *tsk, unsigned long addr, void *buf, int len, int write) { struct mm_struct *mm; struct vm_area_struct *vma; void *old_buf = buf; mm = get_task_mm(tsk); if (!mm) return 0; down_read(&mm->mmap_sem); /* ignore errors, just check how much was successfully transferred */ while (len) { int bytes, ret, offset; void *maddr; struct page *page = NULL; ret = get_user_pages(tsk, mm, addr, 1, write, 1, &page, &vma); if (ret <= 0) { /* * Check if this is a VM_IO | VM_PFNMAP VMA, which * we can access using slightly different code. */ #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_IOREMAP_PROT vma = find_vma(mm, addr); if (!vma) break; if (vma->vm_ops && vma->vm_ops->access) ret = vma->vm_ops->access(vma, addr, buf, len, write); if (ret <= 0) #endif break; bytes = ret; } else { bytes = len; offset = addr & (PAGE_SIZE-1); if (bytes > PAGE_SIZE-offset) bytes = PAGE_SIZE-offset; maddr = kmap(page); if (write) { copy_to_user_page(vma, page, addr, maddr + offset, buf, bytes); set_page_dirty_lock(page); } else { copy_from_user_page(vma, page, addr, buf, maddr + offset, bytes); } kunmap(page); page_cache_release(page); } len -= bytes; buf += bytes; addr += bytes; } up_read(&mm->mmap_sem); mmput(mm); return buf - old_buf; } /* * Print the name of a VMA. */ void print_vma_addr(char *prefix, unsigned long ip) { struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm; struct vm_area_struct *vma; /* * Do not print if we are in atomic * contexts (in exception stacks, etc.): */ if (preempt_count()) return; down_read(&mm->mmap_sem); vma = find_vma(mm, ip); if (vma && vma->vm_file) { struct file *f = vma->vm_file; char *buf = (char *)__get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL); if (buf) { char *p, *s; p = d_path(&f->f_path, buf, PAGE_SIZE); if (IS_ERR(p)) p = "?"; s = strrchr(p, '/'); if (s) p = s+1; printk("%s%s[%lx+%lx]", prefix, p, vma->vm_start, vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start); free_page((unsigned long)buf); } } up_read(¤t->mm->mmap_sem); } #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING void might_fault(void) { /* * Some code (nfs/sunrpc) uses socket ops on kernel memory while * holding the mmap_sem, this is safe because kernel memory doesn't * get paged out, therefore we'll never actually fault, and the * below annotations will generate false positives. */ if (segment_eq(get_fs(), KERNEL_DS)) return; might_sleep(); /* * it would be nicer only to annotate paths which are not under * pagefault_disable, however that requires a larger audit and * providing helpers like get_user_atomic. */ if (!in_atomic() && current->mm) might_lock_read(¤t->mm->mmap_sem); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(might_fault); #endif