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2013-10-05sysv: Add forgotten superblock lock init for v7 fsLubomir Rintel
commit 49475555848d396a0c78fb2f8ecceb3f3f263ef1 upstream. Superblock lock was replaced with (un)lock_super() removal, but left uninitialized for Seventh Edition UNIX filesystem in the following commit (3.7): c07cb01 sysv: drop lock/unlock super Signed-off-by: Lubomir Rintel <lkundrak@v3.sk> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2013-03-12fs: Readd the fs module aliases.Eric W. Biederman
I had assumed that the only use of module aliases for filesystems prior to "fs: Limit sys_mount to only request filesystem modules." was in request_module. It turns out I was wrong. At least mkinitcpio in Arch linux uses these aliases. So readd the preexising aliases, to keep from breaking userspace. Userspace eventually will have to follow and use the same aliases the kernel does. So at some point we may be delete these aliases without problems. However that day is not today. Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
2013-03-03fs: Limit sys_mount to only request filesystem modules.Eric W. Biederman
Modify the request_module to prefix the file system type with "fs-" and add aliases to all of the filesystems that can be built as modules to match. A common practice is to build all of the kernel code and leave code that is not commonly needed as modules, with the result that many users are exposed to any bug anywhere in the kernel. Looking for filesystems with a fs- prefix limits the pool of possible modules that can be loaded by mount to just filesystems trivially making things safer with no real cost. Using aliases means user space can control the policy of which filesystem modules are auto-loaded by editing /etc/modprobe.d/*.conf with blacklist and alias directives. Allowing simple, safe, well understood work-arounds to known problematic software. This also addresses a rare but unfortunate problem where the filesystem name is not the same as it's module name and module auto-loading would not work. While writing this patch I saw a handful of such cases. The most significant being autofs that lives in the module autofs4. This is relevant to user namespaces because we can reach the request module in get_fs_type() without having any special permissions, and people get uncomfortable when a user specified string (in this case the filesystem type) goes all of the way to request_module. After having looked at this issue I don't think there is any particular reason to perform any filtering or permission checks beyond making it clear in the module request that we want a filesystem module. The common pattern in the kernel is to call request_module() without regards to the users permissions. In general all a filesystem module does once loaded is call register_filesystem() and go to sleep. Which means there is not much attack surface exposed by loading a filesytem module unless the filesystem is mounted. In a user namespace filesystems are not mounted unless .fs_flags = FS_USERNS_MOUNT, which most filesystems do not set today. Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com> Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reported-by: Kees Cook <keescook@google.com> Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
2013-02-22new helper: file_inode(file)Al Viro
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2012-12-20sysv: drop vmtruncateMarco Stornelli
Removed vmtruncate Signed-off-by: Marco Stornelli <marco.stornelli@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2012-10-09sysv: drop lock/unlock superMarco Stornelli
Removed lock/unlock super. Added a new private s_lock mutex. Signed-off-by: Marco Stornelli <marco.stornelli@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2012-10-02Merge branch 'for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs Pull vfs update from Al Viro: - big one - consolidation of descriptor-related logics; almost all of that is moved to fs/file.c (BTW, I'm seriously tempted to rename the result to fd.c. As it is, we have a situation when file_table.c is about handling of struct file and file.c is about handling of descriptor tables; the reasons are historical - file_table.c used to be about a static array of struct file we used to have way back). A lot of stray ends got cleaned up and converted to saner primitives, disgusting mess in android/binder.c is still disgusting, but at least doesn't poke so much in descriptor table guts anymore. A bunch of relatively minor races got fixed in process, plus an ext4 struct file leak. - related thing - fget_light() partially unuglified; see fdget() in there (and yes, it generates the code as good as we used to have). - also related - bits of Cyrill's procfs stuff that got entangled into that work; _not_ all of it, just the initial move to fs/proc/fd.c and switch of fdinfo to seq_file. - Alex's fs/coredump.c spiltoff - the same story, had been easier to take that commit than mess with conflicts. The rest is a separate pile, this was just a mechanical code movement. - a few misc patches all over the place. Not all for this cycle, there'll be more (and quite a few currently sit in akpm's tree)." Fix up trivial conflicts in the android binder driver, and some fairly simple conflicts due to two different changes to the sock_alloc_file() interface ("take descriptor handling from sock_alloc_file() to callers" vs "net: Providing protocol type via system.sockprotoname xattr of /proc/PID/fd entries" adding a dentry name to the socket) * 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (72 commits) MAX_LFS_FILESIZE should be a loff_t compat: fs: Generic compat_sys_sendfile implementation fs: push rcu_barrier() from deactivate_locked_super() to filesystems btrfs: reada_extent doesn't need kref for refcount coredump: move core dump functionality into its own file coredump: prevent double-free on an error path in core dumper usb/gadget: fix misannotations fcntl: fix misannotations ceph: don't abuse d_delete() on failure exits hypfs: ->d_parent is never NULL or negative vfs: delete surplus inode NULL check switch simple cases of fget_light to fdget new helpers: fdget()/fdput() switch o2hb_region_dev_write() to fget_light() proc_map_files_readdir(): don't bother with grabbing files make get_file() return its argument vhost_set_vring(): turn pollstart/pollstop into bool switch prctl_set_mm_exe_file() to fget_light() switch xfs_find_handle() to fget_light() switch xfs_swapext() to fget_light() ...
2012-10-02fs: push rcu_barrier() from deactivate_locked_super() to filesystemsKirill A. Shutemov
There's no reason to call rcu_barrier() on every deactivate_locked_super(). We only need to make sure that all delayed rcu free inodes are flushed before we destroy related cache. Removing rcu_barrier() from deactivate_locked_super() affects some fast paths. E.g. on my machine exit_group() of a last process in IPC namespace takes 0.07538s. rcu_barrier() takes 0.05188s of that time. Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2012-09-21userns: Convert the sysv filesystem to use kuid/kgid where appropriateEric W. Biederman
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com> Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
2012-07-22fs/sysv: stop using write_super and s_dirtArtem Bityutskiy
It does not look like sysv FS needs 'write_super()' at all, because all it does is a timestamp update. I cannot test this patch, because this file-system is so old and probably has not been used by anyone for years, so there are no tools to create it in Linux. But from the code I see that marking the superblock as dirty is basically marking the superblock buffers as drity and then setting the s_dirt flag. And when 'write_super()' is executed to handle the s_dirt flag, we just update the timestamp and again mark the superblock buffer as dirty. Seems pointless. It looks like we can update the timestamp more opprtunistically - on unmount or remount of sync, and nothing should change. Thus, this patch removes 'sysv_write_super()' and 's_dirt'. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2012-07-22fs/sysv: remove another useless write_super callArtem Bityutskiy
We do not need to call 'sysv_write_super()' from 'sysv_remount()', because VFS has called 'sysv_sync_fs()' before calling '->remount()'. So remove it. Remove also '(un)lock_super()' which obvioulsy is becoming useless in this function. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2012-07-22fs/sysv: remove useless write_super callArtem Bityutskiy
We do not need to call 'sysv_write_super()' from 'sysv_put_super()', because VFS has called 'sysv_sync_fs()' before calling '->put_super()'. So remove it. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2012-07-14don't pass nameidata to ->create()Al Viro
boolean "does it have to be exclusive?" flag is passed instead; Local filesystem should just ignore it - the object is guaranteed not to be there yet. Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2012-07-14stop passing nameidata to ->lookup()Al Viro
Just the flags; only NFS cares even about that, but there are legitimate uses for such argument. And getting rid of that completely would require splitting ->lookup() into a couple of methods (at least), so let's leave that alone for now... Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2012-05-06vfs: Rename end_writeback() to clear_inode()Jan Kara
After we moved inode_sync_wait() from end_writeback() it doesn't make sense to call the function end_writeback() anymore. Rename it to clear_inode() which well says what the function really does - set I_CLEAR flag. Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
2012-03-20switch open-coded instances of d_make_root() to new helperAl Viro
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2012-03-20vfs: check i_nlink limits in vfs_{mkdir,rename_dir,link}Al Viro
New field of struct super_block - ->s_max_links. Maximal allowed value of ->i_nlink or 0; in the latter case all checks still need to be done in ->link/->mkdir/->rename instances. Note that this limit applies both to directoris and to non-directories. Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2012-01-06vfs: prefer ->dentry->d_sb to ->mnt->mnt_sbAl Viro
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2012-01-03sysv: propagate umode_tAl Viro
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2012-01-03switch ->mknod() to umode_tAl Viro
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2012-01-03switch ->create() to umode_tAl Viro
vfs_create() ignores everything outside of 16bit subset of its mode argument; switching it to umode_t is obviously equivalent and it's the only caller of the method Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2012-01-03switch vfs_mkdir() and ->mkdir() to umode_tAl Viro
vfs_mkdir() gets int, but immediately drops everything that might not fit into umode_t and that's the only caller of ->mkdir()... Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2012-01-03vfs: fix the stupidity with i_dentry in inode destructorsAl Viro
Seeing that just about every destructor got that INIT_LIST_HEAD() copied into it, there is no point whatsoever keeping this INIT_LIST_HEAD in inode_init_once(); the cost of taking it into inode_init_always() will be negligible for pipes and sockets and negative for everything else. Not to mention the removal of boilerplate code from ->destroy_inode() instances... Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2011-11-02filesystems: add set_nlink()Miklos Szeredi
Replace remaining direct i_nlink updates with a new set_nlink() updater function. Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz> Tested-by: Toshiyuki Okajima <toshi.okajima@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
2011-05-28sysv: remove unnecessary dentry_unhash from rmdir, dir renameSage Weil
sysv does not have problems with references to unlinked directories. CC: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Sage Weil <sage@newdream.net> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2011-05-26vfs: push dentry_unhash on rename_dir into file systemsSage Weil
Only a few file systems need this. Start by pushing it down into each rename method (except gfs2 and xfs) so that it can be dealt with on a per-fs basis. Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Sage Weil <sage@newdream.net> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2011-05-26vfs: push dentry_unhash on rmdir into file systemsSage Weil
Only a few file systems need this. Start by pushing it down into each fs rmdir method (except gfs2 and xfs) so it can be dealt with on a per-fs basis. This does not change behavior for any in-tree file systems. Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Sage Weil <sage@newdream.net> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2011-03-24Merge branch 'for-2.6.39/core' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-2.6-blockLinus Torvalds
* 'for-2.6.39/core' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-2.6-block: (65 commits) Documentation/iostats.txt: bit-size reference etc. cfq-iosched: removing unnecessary think time checking cfq-iosched: Don't clear queue stats when preempt. blk-throttle: Reset group slice when limits are changed blk-cgroup: Only give unaccounted_time under debug cfq-iosched: Don't set active queue in preempt block: fix non-atomic access to genhd inflight structures block: attempt to merge with existing requests on plug flush block: NULL dereference on error path in __blkdev_get() cfq-iosched: Don't update group weights when on service tree fs: assign sb->s_bdi to default_backing_dev_info if the bdi is going away block: Require subsystems to explicitly allocate bio_set integrity mempool jbd2: finish conversion from WRITE_SYNC_PLUG to WRITE_SYNC and explicit plugging jbd: finish conversion from WRITE_SYNC_PLUG to WRITE_SYNC and explicit plugging fs: make fsync_buffers_list() plug mm: make generic_writepages() use plugging blk-cgroup: Add unaccounted time to timeslice_used. block: fixup plugging stubs for !CONFIG_BLOCK block: remove obsolete comments for blkdev_issue_zeroout. blktrace: Use rq->cmd_flags directly in blk_add_trace_rq. ... Fix up conflicts in fs/{aio.c,super.c}
2011-03-10block: remove per-queue pluggingJens Axboe
Code has been converted over to the new explicit on-stack plugging, and delay users have been converted to use the new API for that. So lets kill off the old plugging along with aops->sync_page(). Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
2011-03-03sysv: i_nlink races in rename()Al Viro
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2011-01-12switch sysvAl Viro
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2011-01-07fs: dcache reduce branches in lookup pathNick Piggin
Reduce some branches and memory accesses in dcache lookup by adding dentry flags to indicate common d_ops are set, rather than having to check them. This saves a pointer memory access (dentry->d_op) in common path lookup situations, and saves another pointer load and branch in cases where we have d_op but not the particular operation. Patched with: git grep -E '[.>]([[:space:]])*d_op([[:space:]])*=' | xargs sed -e 's/\([^\t ]*\)->d_op = \(.*\);/d_set_d_op(\1, \2);/' -e 's/\([^\t ]*\)\.d_op = \(.*\);/d_set_d_op(\&\1, \2);/' -i Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
2011-01-07fs: icache RCU free inodesNick Piggin
RCU free the struct inode. This will allow: - Subsequent store-free path walking patch. The inode must be consulted for permissions when walking, so an RCU inode reference is a must. - sb_inode_list_lock to be moved inside i_lock because sb list walkers who want to take i_lock no longer need to take sb_inode_list_lock to walk the list in the first place. This will simplify and optimize locking. - Could remove some nested trylock loops in dcache code - Could potentially simplify things a bit in VM land. Do not need to take the page lock to follow page->mapping. The downsides of this is the performance cost of using RCU. In a simple creat/unlink microbenchmark, performance drops by about 10% due to inability to reuse cache-hot slab objects. As iterations increase and RCU freeing starts kicking over, this increases to about 20%. In cases where inode lifetimes are longer (ie. many inodes may be allocated during the average life span of a single inode), a lot of this cache reuse is not applicable, so the regression caused by this patch is smaller. The cache-hot regression could largely be avoided by using SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU, however this adds some complexity to list walking and store-free path walking, so I prefer to implement this at a later date, if it is shown to be a win in real situations. I haven't found a regression in any non-micro benchmark so I doubt it will be a problem. Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
2011-01-07fs: change d_hash for rcu-walkNick Piggin
Change d_hash so it may be called from lock-free RCU lookups. See similar patch for d_compare for details. For in-tree filesystems, this is just a mechanical change. Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
2010-10-29new helper: mount_bdev()Al Viro
... and switch of the obvious get_sb_bdev() users to ->mount() Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2010-10-25new helper: ihold()Al Viro
Clones an existing reference to inode; caller must already hold one. Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2010-08-11fs/sysv/super.c: add support for non-PDP11 v7 filesystemsLubomir Rintel
This adds byte order autodetection (of PDP-11 and LE filesystems). No attempt is made to detect big-endian filesystems -- were there any? Tested with PDP-11 v7 filesystems and PC-IX maintenance floppy. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [AV: parser.h inclusion was a rudiment of discarded stuff] Signed-off-by: Lubomir Rintel <lkundrak@v3.sk> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2010-08-11V7: Adjust sanity checks for some volumesLubomir Rintel
Newly mkfs-ed filesystems from Seventh Edition have last modification time set to zero, but are otherwise perfectly valid. Also, tighten up other sanity checks to filter out most filesystems with different bytesex than we're using. Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Lubomir Rintel <lkundrak@v3.sk> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2010-08-11Add v7 aliasLubomir Rintel
So that the module gets autoloaded when a v7 filesystem is mounted. Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Lubomir Rintel <lkundrak@v3.sk> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2010-08-09sysv: do not mark superblock dirty on remountArtem Bityutskiy
No need to mark the superblock as dirty in sysv_remount, synchronize it instead (only if mounting R/O). I did not find any docs about this file-system, and I have no possibility to test my changes. Thus, this is untested. I see other issues in sysv, e.g., why sysv_sync_fs writes only in the FSTYPE_SYSV4 case? However, it marks its SB bh's dirty for all types, and does not wait for them ever. With zero docs I'm unable to fix this. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2010-08-09sysv: do not mark superblock dirty on mountArtem Bityutskiy
I did not find any docs about this file-system, and I have no possibility to test my changes. Thus, this is untested. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2010-08-09switch sysv to ->evict_inode()Al Viro
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2010-08-09remove inode_setattrChristoph Hellwig
Replace inode_setattr with opencoded variants of it in all callers. This moves the remaining call to vmtruncate into the filesystem methods where it can be replaced with the proper truncate sequence. In a few cases it was obvious that we would never end up calling vmtruncate so it was left out in the opencoded variant: spufs: explicitly checks for ATTR_SIZE earlier btrfs,hugetlbfs,logfs,dlmfs: explicitly clears ATTR_SIZE earlier ufs: contains an opencoded simple_seattr + truncate that sets the filesize just above In addition to that ncpfs called inode_setattr with handcrafted iattrs, which allowed to trim down the opencoded variant. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2010-08-09add missing setattr methodsChristoph Hellwig
For the new truncate sequence every filesystem that wants to truncate on-disk state needs a seattr method. Convert the remaining filesystems that implement the truncate inode operation to have its own setattr method. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2010-08-09get rid of block_write_begin_newtruncChristoph Hellwig
Move the call to vmtruncate to get rid of accessive blocks to the callers in preparation of the new truncate sequence and rename the non-truncating version to block_write_begin. While we're at it also remove several unused arguments to block_write_begin. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2010-08-09introduce __block_write_beginChristoph Hellwig
Split up the block_write_begin implementation - __block_write_begin is a new trivial wrapper for block_prepare_write that always takes an already allocated page and can be either called from block_write_begin or filesystem code that already has a page allocated. Remove the handling of already allocated pages from block_write_begin after switching all callers that do it to __block_write_begin. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2010-08-09clean up write_begin usage for directories in pagecacheChristoph Hellwig
For filesystem that implement directories in pagecache we call block_write_begin with an already allocated page for this code, while the normal regular file write path uses the default block_write_begin behaviour. Get rid of the __foofs_write_begin helper and opencode the normal write_begin call in foofs_write_begin, while adding a new foofs_prepare_chunk helper for the directory code. The added benefit is that foofs_prepare_chunk has a much saner calling convention. Note that the interruptible flag passed into block_write_begin is always ignored if we already pass in a page (see next patch for details), and we never were doing truncations of exessive blocks for this case either so we can switch directly to block_write_begin_newtrunc. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2010-06-29sysvfs: fix NULL deref. when allocating new inodeLubomir Rintel
A call to sysv_write_inode() in sysv_new_inode() to its new interface that replaced wait flag with writeback structure. This was broken by a9185b41a4f84971b930c519f0c63bd450c4810d ("pass writeback_control to ->write_inode"). Signed-off-by: Lubomir Rintel <lkundrak@v3.sk> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [2.6.34.x] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-05-27fix fs/sysv s_dirt handlingAl Viro
got broken on ->sync_fs() conversion a year ago, nobody noticed... Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2010-05-27rename the generic fsync implementationsChristoph Hellwig
We don't name our generic fsync implementations very well currently. The no-op implementation for in-memory filesystems currently is called simple_sync_file which doesn't make too much sense to start with, the the generic one for simple filesystems is called simple_fsync which can lead to some confusion. This patch renames the generic file fsync method to generic_file_fsync to match the other generic_file_* routines it is supposed to be used with, and the no-op implementation to noop_fsync to make it obvious what to expect. In addition add some documentation for both methods. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>